Predictors of Atrial Fibrillation Following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

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Abstract

Background:

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a frequent and serious complication of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.

Methods:

We undertook a retrospective review of the records of patients undergoing CABG at Imam Ali Hospital between February 1, 2003 and February 1, 2006. The patients were divided in two groups, ie, Group A (AF) and Group B (no AF). The association between the occurrence of AF following CABG and other variables was compared with respect to continuous or categorical variables by t-test and χ ²-test.

Results:

Multivariate logistic regression analysis of potentially predictive factors in univariate analysis showed that opium use, type of operation, and crossclamp time were predictors of AF following CABG.

Conclusion:

This study identifies some new predictors of postoperative AF, control of which could lead to a lower incidence of AF and reduced morbidity, mortality, and resource utilization for patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

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Most cited references 39

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Epidemiologic features of chronic atrial fibrillation: the Framingham study.

W Kannel, R Abbott, D Savage … (1982)

In the Framingham Study 2325 men and 2866 women 30 to 62 years old at entry were followed biennially over 22 years for the development of chronic atrial fibrillation in relation to antecedent cardiovascular disease and risk factors. During surveillance, atrial fibrillation developed in 49 men and 49 women. The incidence rose sharply with age but did not differ significantly between the sexes. Overall, there was a 2.0 per cent chance that the disorder would develop in two decades. Atrial fibrillation usually followed the development of overt cardiovascular disease. Only 18 men and 12 women (31 per cent) had chronic atrial fibrillation in the absence of cardiovascular disease. Cardiac failure and rheumatic heart disease were the most powerful predictive precursors, with relative risks in excess of sixfold. Hypertensive cardiovascular disease was the most common antecedent disease, largely because of its frequency in the general population. Among the risk factors for cardiovascular disease, diabetes and electrocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy were related to the occurrence of atrial fibrillation. The development of chronic atrial fibrillation was associated with a doubling of overall mortality and of mortality from cardiovascular disease.

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Predictors of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery surgery. Current trends and impact on hospital resources.

G Couper, H Burstin, R Rizzo … (1996)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) is the most common sustained arrhythmia. Its pathophysiology is unclear, and its prevention and management remain suboptimal. The aim of this prospective study was to determine the current incidence of AF, identify its clinical predictors, and examine its impact on resource utilization. Over a 12-month period ending July 31, 1994, a CABG procedure was performed on 570 consecutive patients (age range, 32 to 87 years; median age, 67 years; 232 [41%] were > or = 70 years; 175 [31%] were women; 173 [30%] were diabetics; 364 [65%] required nonelective surgery; 86 [15%] had had a prior CABG; and 86 [15%] had had prior percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty). AF occurred in 189 patients (33%). The median age for patients with AF was 71 years compared with 66 for patients without (P = .0001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis (odds ratio, +/- 95% CI, P value) was used to identify the following independent predictors of postoperative AF: increasing age (age 70 to 80 years [OR = 2; CI, 1.3 to 3; P = .002], age > 80 years [OR = 3; CI, 1.6 to 5.8; P = .0007]), male gender (OR = 1.7; CI, 1.1 to 2.7; P = .01), hypertension (OR = 1.6; CI, 1.0 to 2.3; P = .03), need for an intraoperative intraaortic balloon pump (OR = 3.5; CI, 1.2 to 10.9; P = .03), postoperative pneumonia (OR = 3.9; CI, 1.3 to 11.5; P = .01), ventilation for > 24 hours (OR = 2; CI, 1.3 to 3.2; P = .003), and return to the intensive care unit (OR = 3.2; CI, 1.1 to 8.8; P = .03). The mean length of hospital stay after surgery was 15.3 +/- 28.6 days for patients with AF compared with 9.3 +/- 19.6 days for patients without AF (P = .001). The adjusted length of hospital stay attributable to AF was 4.9 days, corresponding to > or = $10 055 in hospital charges. AF remains the most common complication after CABG and consequently is a drain on hospital resources. Concerted efforts to reduce the incidence of AF and the associated increased length of stay would result in substantial cost saving and decrease patient morbidity.

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Hazards of postoperative atrial arrhythmias.

M J Rosenbloom, R Schuessler, Carla Cox … (1993)

Between January 1, 1986, and December 31, 1991, 4,507 adult patients underwent cardiac surgical procedures requiring cardiopulmonary bypass. Of these patients, 3,983 patients who did not undergo operation for supraventricular tachycardia and who were in normal sinus rhythm preoperatively form the study group for the present study. Postoperatively, all patients were monitored continuously for the development of arrhythmias until the time of hospital discharge. The incidence of atrial arrhythmias requiring treatment for the most commonly performed operative procedures were as follows: coronary artery bypass grafting, 31.9%; coronary artery bypass grafting and mitral valve replacement, 63.6%; coronary artery bypass grafting and aortic valve replacement, 48.8%; and heart transplantation, 11.1%. For all patients considered collectively, the risk factors associated with an increased incidence of postoperative atrial arrhythmias (p < 0.05 by multivariate logistic regression) included increasing patient age, preoperative use of digoxin, history of rheumatic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and increasing aortic cross-clamp time. Postoperative atrial fibrillation was associated with an increased incidence of postoperative stroke (3.3% versus 1.4%; p < 0.0005), increased length of hospitalization in the intensive care unit (5.7 versus 3.4 days; p = 0.001) and postoperative nursing ward (10.9 versus 7.5 days; p = 0.0001), increased incidence of postoperative ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation (9.2% versus 4.0%; p < 0.0005), and an increased need for placement of a permanent pacemaker (3.7% versus 1.6%; p < 0.0005). These data provide a basis for targeting specific patient subgroups for prospective, randomized trials of therapeutic modalities designed to decrease the incidence of postoperative atrial arrhythmias.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Clin Med Insights Cardiol

Journal ID (publisher-id): 101466475

Title: Clinical Medicine Insights. Cardiology

Publisher: Libertas Academica

ISSN (Electronic): 1179-5468

Publication date (Electronic): 17 July 2011

Publication date Collection: 2011

Volume: 5

Pages: 67-75

Affiliations

Imam Ali Heart Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

Author notes

Corresponding author email: hamidzokaei@ 123456gmail.com

Article

Publisher ID: cmc-5-2011-067

DOI: 10.4137/CMC.S7170

PMC ID: 3153115

PubMed ID: 21836815

SO-VID: 4128cdc2-0e2f-489c-800a-601c5c60b13f

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This is an open access article. Unrestricted non-commercial use is permitted provided the original work is properly cited.

Predictors of Atrial Fibrillation Following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

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Abstract

Background:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

Related collections

Karger: Cardiovascular System

Most cited references 39

Epidemiologic features of chronic atrial fibrillation: the Framingham study.

Predictors of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery surgery. Current trends and impact on hospital resources.

Hazards of postoperative atrial arrhythmias.

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