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      Sistema radicular e componentes produtivos do girassol em solo compactado Translated title: Root system and productive components of the sunflower in a compacted soil

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          Abstract

          RESUMO Objetivou-se neste trabalho verificar alterações morfológicas e anatômicas no sistema radicular do girassol, bem como nos seus atributos produtivos em função da compactação adicional provocada pelo tráfego de trator em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico típico. A pesquisa foi realizada a campo, sendo os tratamentos referentes a 5 níveis de compactação: sem tráfego adicional (C0); 1 (C1); 3 (C3); 6 (C6) e 11 (C11) passadas de trator. Foram avaliadas as propriedades físicas do solo e a distribuição das raízes nas camadas de 0 – 0,05; 0,05 – 0,10; 0,10 – 0,15 e 0,15 – 0,20 m de profundidade, além das características vegetativas e reprodutivas e as alterações anatômicas das raízes. A compactação do solo pelo tráfego de máquinas promove diminuição do índice de área radicular (IAR) do girassol. A distribuição das raízes do girassol ocorre de forma superficial no perfil do solo e foi diminuída pela metade quando submetida à C11. A compactação do solo proporcionou modificações anatômicas nas raízes, com alteração do diâmetro de vasos, aparecimento de células xilemáticas angulosas, esmagamento do câmbio vascular e surgimento de aerênquimas, típico em raízes submetidas a hipóxia. As plantas apresentaram menores altura, altura de capítulo, diâmetro da haste, produtividade e massa de aquênios, havendo redução na população. Verificou-se a correlação linear negativa entre produtividade e resistência do solo à penetração, sendo 0,733 MPa considerado como valor crítico, e correlação linear positiva entre macroporosidade e IAR, sendo 0,264 m3∙m−3 considerado como valor crítico.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to verify morphologic and anatomic changes in the root system of the sunflower as well as in its productive attributes in function of the additional compression caused by tractor traffic in a typical Kandiustox (Oxisol). The research was conducted in the field, in 5 levels of compression: without additional traffic (C0); 1 (C1); 3 (C3); 6 (C6) and 11 (C11) paths of tractor. The physical properties of the soil and the distribution of the roots in the layers 0 – 0.05; 0.05 – 0.10; 0.10 – 0.15 and 0.15 – 0.20 m of depth were evaluated, besides the vegetal and reproductive characteristics and the anatomic changes in the roots. The soil compression by the machine traffic results in the reduction in the root area index (RAI) of the sunflower. The distribution of the sunflower’s roots occurs superficially in the soil’s profile and was reduced by a half when submitted to C11. The soil compression resulted in anatomic alterations in the roots, with changes in the diameter of the ducts, emerging of angle xilematic cells, crushing in the vascular cambium and occurrence of aerenchyma, typical in roots submitted to hypoxia. The plants presented less height, flower height, stem diameter, productivity and achenes mass, occurring a reduction in plant population. It was verified negative linear correlation between productivity and soil resistance to penetration, being 0.733 MPa a critical value, and positive linear correlation between macroporosity and RAI, with 0.264 m3∙m−3 considered as a critical value.

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          Plant microtechnique

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            Manual de Nutrição Mineral de Planta

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              Mato Grosso e seus Municípios

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                brag
                Bragantia
                Bragantia
                Instituto Agronômico de Campinas
                1678-4499
                December 2016
                : 75
                : 4
                : 474-486
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso Brazil
                Article
                S0006-87052016000400474
                10.1590/1678-4499.286
                413a494e-8d40-4993-a7d9-756e475856a9

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0006-8705&lng=en
                Categories
                AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

                General agriculture
                Helianthus annuus,anatomic alterations,root area index,alterações anatômicas,índice de área radicular

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