Cognitive and Neuropsychiatric Impairment in Dystonia

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

To review recent literature evaluating psychiatric and cognitive symptoms in dystonia, the two non-motor symptom groups most frequently evaluated in dystonia research and recognised in clinical practice.

Recent Findings

Recent work has embedded clinical recognition of psychiatric symptoms in dystonia, with depressive and anxiety-related symptoms routinely observed to be the most common. Less explored symptoms, such as self-harm, suicidal ideation, and substance abuse, represent newer areas of investigation, with initial work suggesting higher rates than the background population. Investigation of cognitive function has provided less consistent results, both within individual dystonia subtypes and across the spectrum of dystonias, partly reflecting the heterogeneity in approaches to assessment. However, recent work indicates impairments of higher cognitive function, e.g. social cognition, and disrupted visual and auditory sensory processing.

Summary

Dystonia demonstrates psychiatric and cognitive symptom heterogeneity, with further work needed to recognise endophenotypes and improve diagnostic accuracy, symptom recognition, and management.

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Most cited references 61

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Phenomenology and classification of dystonia: a consensus update.

Alberto Albanese, Kailash P. Bhatia, Susan B Bressman … (2013)

This report describes the consensus outcome of an international panel consisting of investigators with years of experience in this field that reviewed the definition and classification of dystonia. Agreement was obtained based on a consensus development methodology during 3 in-person meetings and manuscript review by mail. Dystonia is defined as a movement disorder characterized by sustained or intermittent muscle contractions causing abnormal, often repetitive, movements, postures, or both. Dystonic movements are typically patterned and twisting, and may be tremulous. Dystonia is often initiated or worsened by voluntary action and associated with overflow muscle activation. Dystonia is classified along 2 axes: clinical characteristics, including age at onset, body distribution, temporal pattern and associated features (additional movement disorders or neurological features); and etiology, which includes nervous system pathology and inheritance. The clinical characteristics fall into several specific dystonia syndromes that help to guide diagnosis and treatment. We provide here a new general definition of dystonia and propose a new classification. We encourage clinicians and researchers to use these innovative definition and classification and test them in the clinical setting on a variety of patients with dystonia. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society.

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The two-process theory of face processing: modifications based on two decades of data from infants and adults.

Przemysław Tomalski, Atsushi Senju, Mark H. Johnson (2015)

Johnson and Morton (1991. Biology and Cognitive Development: The Case of Face Recognition. Blackwell, Oxford) used Gabriel Horn's work on the filial imprinting model to inspire a two-process theory of the development of face processing in humans. In this paper we review evidence accrued over the past two decades from infants and adults, and from other primates, that informs this two-process model. While work with newborns and infants has been broadly consistent with predictions from the model, further refinements and questions have been raised. With regard to adults, we discuss more recent evidence on the extension of the model to eye contact detection, and to subcortical face processing, reviewing functional imaging and patient studies. We conclude with discussion of outstanding caveats and future directions of research in this field. Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

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The non-motor syndrome of primary dystonia: clinical and pathophysiological implications.

Maria Stamelou, Mark J Edwards, Mark Hallett … (2012)

Dystonia is typically considered a movement disorder characterized by motor manifestations, primarily involuntary muscle contractions causing twisting movements and abnormal postures. However, growing evidence indicates an important non-motor component to primary dystonia, including abnormalities in sensory and perceptual functions, as well as neuropsychiatric, cognitive and sleep domains. Here, we review this evidence and discuss its clinical and pathophysiological implications.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Kathryn J. Peall:

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4749-4944

PeallKJ@cardiff.ac.uk

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep

Title: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports

Publisher: Springer US (New York )

ISSN (Print): 1528-4042

ISSN (Electronic): 1534-6293

Publication date (Electronic): 6 October 2022

Publication date PMC-release: 6 October 2022

Publication date (Print): 2022

Volume: 22

Issue: 11

Pages: 699-708

Affiliations

[1 ]GRID grid.5600.3, ISNI 0000 0001 0807 5670, Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, ; Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ UK

[2 ]GRID grid.5600.3, ISNI 0000 0001 0807 5670, School of Medicine, , Cardiff University, ; Cardiff, UK

Author information

Kathryn J. Peall http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4749-4944

Article

Publisher ID: 1233

DOI: 10.1007/s11910-022-01233-3

PMC ID: 9633506

PubMed ID: 36201146

SO-VID: 415ac269-07c4-4acf-b7f6-f125e51c0049

License:

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

History

Date accepted : 12 September 2022

Funding

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000265, Medical Research Council;

Award ID: MR/P008593/1

Award Recipient : Kathryn J. Peall

Funded by: KESS2

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004895, European Social Fund;

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Neurosciences

Keywords: dystonia,cognition,psychiatric disorders,non-motor symptoms

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Neurosciences

Keywords: dystonia, cognition, psychiatric disorders, non-motor symptoms

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Cognitive and Neuropsychiatric Impairment in Dystonia

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Recent Findings

Summary

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Neuronal Signaling

Most cited references 61

Phenomenology and classification of dystonia: a consensus update.

The two-process theory of face processing: modifications based on two decades of data from infants and adults.

The non-motor syndrome of primary dystonia: clinical and pathophysiological implications.

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Cited by 3

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