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      Análisis de las caídas accidentales y la integración en los programas de cronicidad de los pacientes con esclerosis lateral amiotrófica Translated title: Analysis of accidental falls and the integration in the chronicity programs of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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          Abstract

          Introducción.

          La esclerosis lateral amiotrófica (ELA) es la enfermedad degenerativa de las motoneuronas más frecuente. No dispone de tratamiento curativo y estos pacientes requieren un soporte multidisciplinar para favorecer su confort y calidad de vida.

          Pacientes y métodos.

          Estudio descriptivo longitudinal en pacientes registrados en atención primaria, Costa de Ponent-Barcelona, Institut Català de la Salut, para analizar las visitas urgentes hospitalarias, la utilización de dispositivos de soporte y su integración en el programa de atención a la cronicidad. Las variables fueron sexo, edad y tiempo de evolución, visitas urgentes, portadores de gastrostomía percutánea (PEG), ventilación no invasiva o invasiva (VNI/VI) e integración en el programa de atención a la cronicidad.

          Resultados.

          Se incluyó a 81 pacientes, un 49,4% varones, con una edad media de 65,6 años (±11,7), y un tiempo de evolución menor de 2 años o igual o mayor de 2 años (42 y 58%, respectivamente). De ellos, 47 (58,5%) realizaron 107 consultas. Los motivos de consulta más frecuentes fueron: caídas (26,8%), dificultades respiratorias (23,3%), comorbilidad (16,7%), problemas en la alimentación (11%) y dolor (10,2%), sin diferencias por edad o sexo. Se observó una mayor frecuentación ( p < 0,001) en pacientes con menos de dos años de evolución e incrementos significativos en la utilización de la VNI y la PEG hasta el 51,9 y el 35,8%, respectivamente, así como integración en el programa de atención a la cronicidad del 61,7%.

          Conclusiones.

          El motivo más frecuente de consulta a urgencias hospitalarias de pacientes con ELA y potencialmente evitable fueron las caídas accidentales, especialmente en los primeros dos años de enfermedad. Se detectan incrementos significativos en la utilización de dispositivos de soporte y en la integración en el programa de atención a la cronicidad. Es necesario incrementar los recursos domiciliarios, especialmente en fisioterapia y terapia ocupacional.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction.

          Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common degenerative motor neuron disease. There is no curative treatment available, and these patients require multidisciplinary support to promote their comfort and quality of life.

          Patients and methods.

          Longitudinal descriptive study in patients registered in primary care (PC), Costa de Ponent-Barcelona Institut Català de la Salut to analyse emergency hospital visits, use of support devices and their integration into the primary care chronicity program. Variables were sex, age and evolution time, emergency visits, patients with percutaneous gastrostomy (PEG), non-invasive or invasive ventilation (NIV/VI), integration in the primary care chronicity program.

          Results.

          81 patients, 49.4% male, mean age 65.6 years (±11.7), evolution time less than 2 years or equal to or greater than 2 years (42 and 58%, respectively). Of them, 47 (58.5%) made 107 consultations. The most frequent reasons for consultation were falls (26.8%), respiratory difficulties (23.3%), comorbidity (16.7%), eating problems (11%) and pain (10.2%) without differences by age or sex. Greater frequency ( p < 0.001) was observed in patients with less than two years of evolution and significant increases in the use of NIV and PEG up to 51.9 and 35.8% respectively, as well as integration in primary care chronicity program of 61.7%.

          Conclusions.

          Accidental falls were the most frequent and potentially avoidable reason for hospital emergency visits in patients with ALS, especially in the first two years of the disease. Significant increases are detected in the use of support devices and in primary care chronicity program integration. It is necessary to increase home resources, especially in physiotherapy and occupational therapy.

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          Most cited references30

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          Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

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            The epidemiology of ALS: a conspiracy of genes, environment and time.

            Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a relentlessly progressive neurodegenerative disease of motor neurons, resulting in worsening weakness of voluntary muscles until death from respiratory failure occurs after about 3 years. Although great advances have been made in our understanding of the genetic causes of ALS, the contribution of environmental factors has been more difficult to assess. Large-scale studies of the clinical patterns of ALS, individual histories preceding the onset of ALS, and the rates of ALS in different populations and groups have led to improved patient care, but have not yet revealed a replicable, definitive environmental risk factor. In this Review, we outline what is currently known of the environmental and genetic epidemiology of ALS, describe the current state of the art with respect to the different types of ALS, and explore whether ALS should be considered a single disease or a syndrome. We examine the relationship between genetic and environmental risk factors, and propose a disease model in which ALS is considered to be the result of environmental risks and time acting on a pre-existing genetic load, followed by an automatic, self-perpetuating decline to death.
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              EFNS guidelines on the clinical management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (MALS)--revised report of an EFNS task force.

              The evidence base for the diagnosis and management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is weak. To provide evidence-based or expert recommendations for the diagnosis and management of ALS based on a literature search and the consensus of an expert panel. All available medical reference systems were searched, and original papers, meta-analyses, review papers, book chapters and guidelines recommendations were reviewed. The final literature search was performed in February 2011. Recommendations were reached by consensus. Patients with symptoms suggestive of ALS should be assessed as soon as possible by an experienced neurologist. Early diagnosis should be pursued, and investigations, including neurophysiology, performed with a high priority. The patient should be informed of the diagnosis by a consultant with a good knowledge of the patient and the disease. Following diagnosis, the patient and relatives/carers should receive regular support from a multidisciplinary care team. Medication with riluzole should be initiated as early as possible. Control of symptoms such as sialorrhoea, thick mucus, emotional lability, cramps, spasticity and pain should be attempted. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding improves nutrition and quality of life, and gastrostomy tubes should be placed before respiratory insufficiency develops. Non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation also improves survival and quality of life. Maintaining the patient's ability to communicate is essential. During the entire course of the disease, every effort should be made to maintain patient autonomy. Advance directives for palliative end-of-life care should be discussed early with the patient and carers, respecting the patient's social and cultural background. © 2011 The Author(s). European Journal of Neurology © 2011 EFNS.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Rev Neurol
                Rev Neurol
                RN
                Revista de Neurología
                Viguera Editores (Evidenze Group) (Spain )
                0210-0010
                1576-6578
                2022
                16 November 2022
                : 75
                : 10
                : 297-303
                Affiliations
                [1] originalPADES Delta de Llobregat. El Prat de Llobregat normalizedPADES Delta de Llobregat orgnamePADES Delta de Llobregat El Prat de Llobregat España
                [2] originalMedicina de Familia. Centro de Atención Primaria Badía del Vallès. Badia del Vallès normalizedCentro de Atención Primaria Badía del Vallès orgnameCentro de Atención Primaria Badía del Vallès Badia del Vallès España
                [3] originalDepartamento de Medicina. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Bellaterra normalizedUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona orgnameUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona España
                [4] originalGROIMAP. USR Metropolitana Nord-IDIAP Jordi Gol. Cerdanyola del Vallès normalizedUSR Metropolitana Nord-IDIAP Jordi Gol orgnameUSR Metropolitana Nord-IDIAP Jordi Gol Cerdanyola del Vallès España
                [5] originalFundación Privada PRECIOSA para la Investigación en Salud. Barberà del Vallès normalizedFundación Privada PRECIOSA para la Investigación en Salud orgnameFundación Privada PRECIOSA para la Investigación en Salud Barberà del Vallès España
                [6] originalCátedra de Cuidados Paliativos. Centre d’Estudis Sanitaris i Socials (CESS). Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVIC-UCC). Vic normalizedUniversitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVIC-UCC) orgnameUniversitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVIC-UCC) Vic España
                [7] originalMedicina de Familia. Centro de Atención Primaria Granollers Vallés Oriental. Granollers normalizedCentro de Atención Primaria Granollers Vallés Oriental orgnameCentro de Atención Primaria Granollers Vallés Oriental Granollers España
                [8] originalDepartamento de Fisioterapia. Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud. Universitat Internacional de Catalunya. Sant Cugat del Vallés normalizedUniversitat Internacional de Catalunya orgnameUniversitat Internacional de Catalunya Sant Cugat del Vallés España
                [9] originalServicio de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación. Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí. Sabadell. Barcelona, España normalizedHospital Universitari Parc Taulí orgnameHospital Universitari Parc Taulí Barcelona España
                [10] originalMedicina de Familia. Centro de Atención Primaria Can Gibert del Pla normalizedCentro de Atención Primaria Can Gibert del Pla orgnameCentro de Atención Primaria Can Gibert del Pla Girona España
                [11] originalDepartamento de Medicina. Universitat de Girona (UdG) normalizedUniversitat de Girona (UdG) orgnameUniversitat de Girona (UdG) Girona España
                [12] originalGROIMAP. USR Girona-IDIAP Jordi Gol. Girona, España normalizedUSR Girona-IDIAP Jordi Gol orgnameUSR Girona-IDIAP Jordi Gol Girona España
                [13] originalFacultad de Ciencias de la Salud. University of Newcastle. Newcastle, Australia normalizedUniversity of Newcastle orgnameUniversity of Newcastle Newcastle Australia
                Author notes
                Correspondencia: Dr. Rafael Azagra Ledesma. Medicina de Familia. Centro de Atención Primaria Badía del Vallés. Calle Bética s/n. E-08214 Badia del Vallès, Barcelona. E-mail: razagral@ 123456telefonica.net

                Conflicto de intereses: Los autores declaran no tener conflictos de intereses.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3778-0798
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0093-333X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4946-5947
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2674-3633
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7261-0110
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5255-2494
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2508-3669
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7986-8245
                Article
                RN-75-297
                10.33588/rn.7510.2022327
                10280769
                36354298
                416957c9-5490-44e7-b18e-989a00ec8961
                Copyright: © Revista de Neurología

                Revista de Neurología trabaja bajo una licencia Creative Commons

                History
                : 03 November 2022
                Categories
                Original

                caídas accidentales,esclerosis lateral amiotrófica,fisioterapia,síndrome poscaída,terapia ocupacional,visitas urgentes,accidental falls,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,occupational therapy,physiotherapy,post-fall syndrome,urgent visits

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