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      Primer registro de melanismo en Phyllotis limatus (Rodentia: Cricetidae), con una lista actualizada de mamíferos silvestres melánicos del mundo Translated title: First record of melanism in Phyllotis limatus (Rodentia:Cricetidae), with an update list of melanic wild mammalsof the World

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          Abstract

          Se reporta el primer caso de melanismo en el roedor Phyllotis limatus, el cual incrementa el número de especies de mamíferos silvestres con melanismo a 113 especies, a nivel mundial. Los órdenes Rodentia y Carnivora agrupan la mayor cantidad de especies con melanismo, siendo reportadas con mayor frecuencia en países del continente americano, seguidos de Asia, África, Europa y Oceanía. En Sudamérica, Brasil es el país con la mayor cantidad de especies con melanismo, con ocho especies, seguido de Perú, con cinco. El listado de mamíferos silvestres melánicos aquí presentado sugiere que la coloración negruzca es una mutación relativamente frecuente para algunas especies; por consiguiente, es probable que el número de registros de especies con melanismo se incremente en futuras investigaciones.

          Translated abstract

          Here, we report the first case of melanism in the rodent Phyllotis limatus, which increase the number of wild mammal species with melanism to 113 species, worldwide. The orders Rodentia and Carnivora group the largest number of species with melanism, being reported more frequently in countries of America, followed by Asia, Africa, Europe and Oceania. In South America, Brazil is the country with the highest number of species with melanism, with eight species, followed by Peru with five. The melanic checklist of wild mammals presented here suggests that blackish coloration is relatively frequent mutations in some species, therefore, we hope the register numbers of species with melanism will be increased in future investigations.

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            Quantitative Analysis of Eumelanin and Pheomelanin in Humans, Mice, and Other Animals: a Comparative Review

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              Different genes underlie adaptive melanism in different populations of rock pocket mice.

              Identifying the genes responsible for adaptation has been an elusive goal in evolutionary biology. Rock pocket mice (Chaetodipus intermedius) provide a useful system for studying the genetics of adaptation: most C. intermedius are light-coloured and live on light-coloured rocks, but in several different geographical regions, C. intermedius are melanic and live on dark-coloured basalt lava, presumably as an adaptation for crypsis. Previous work demonstrated that mutations at the melanocortin-1 receptor gene (Mc1r) are responsible for the dark/light difference in mice from one population in Arizona. Here, we investigate whether melanism has evolved independently in populations of dark C. intermedius from New Mexico, and whether the same or different genes underlie the dark phenotype in mice from these populations compared with the dark mice from Arizona. Seventy-six mice were collected from pairs of dark and light localities representing four different lava flows and adjacent light-coloured rocks; lava flows were separated by 70-750 km. Spectrophotometric analysis of mouse pelage and of rock samples revealed a strong positive association between coat colour and substrate colour. No significant differences were observed in the colour of rocks among the four lava flows, suggesting that mice in these separate populations have experienced similar selection for crypsis. Despite this similarity in environment, melanic mice from the three New Mexico populations were slightly, but significantly, darker than melanic mice from Arizona. The entire Mc1r gene was sequenced in all mice. The previously identified mutations responsible for the light/dark difference in mice from Arizona were absent in all melanic mice from three different populations in New Mexico. Five new Mc1r polymorphisms were observed among mice from New Mexico, but none showed any association with coat colour. These results indicate that adaptive melanism has arisen at least twice in C. intermedius and that these similar phenotypic changes have a different genetic basis.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rpb
                Revista Peruana de Biología
                Rev. peru biol.
                Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (Lima, , Peru )
                1727-9933
                October 2019
                : 26
                : 4
                : 509-520
                Affiliations
                [2] Arequipa orgnameUniversidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Perú
                [1] Arequipa orgnameUniversidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa orgdiv1Museo de Historia Natural (MUSA) Perú
                Article
                S1727-99332019000400012 S1727-9933(19)02600400012
                10.15381/rpb.v26i4.XXXX
                416dc278-c155-4ede-8518-bdd4abe50107

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 August 2018
                : 27 November 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 177, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO Peru

                Categories
                Notas Científicas

                rodent,Andes,Tacna,melanismo,fenotipos,pelaje,desordenes cromáticos,roedor,melanism,fur,phenotypes,chromatic disorders

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