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      Testing a formal theory of perception is not easy: Comments on Yu, Todd & Petrov (2021) and Yu, Petrov & Todd (2021)

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          Abstract

          Yu, Todd, and Petrov (2021, Journal of Vision) and their follow-up study ( Yu, Petrov, & Todd, 2021, i-Perception) aimed at evaluating the role of three-dimensional (3D) symmetry in binocular shape perception by comparing their experimental data to predictions they derived from our computational models. We point out in this note that their predictions were incorrect, so their studies can neither reject nor support our models of 3D shape perception. We explain (1) the role of the data and the constraints in solving ill-posed inverse problems, (2) the role of binocular depth-order, as opposed to binocular depth-intervals in shape perception, (3) the nature and the effect of 3D compactness as an a priori constraint, and (4) the implications of the separation of binocular disparity and stereoacuity in the two functional streams in the visual cortex.

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          Orientation dependence in the recognition of familiar and novel views of three-dimensional objects.

          Shimon Edelman, Heinrich H. Bülthoff (1992)
          We report four experiments that investigated the representation of novel three-dimensional (3D) objects by the human visual system. In the first experiment, canonical views were demonstrated for novel objects seen equally often from all test viewpoints. The next two experiments showed that the canonical views persisted under repeated testing, and in the presence of a variety of depth cues, including binocular stereo. The fourth experiment probed the ability of subjects to generalize recognition to unfamiliar views of objects previously seen at a limited range of attitudes. Both mono and stereo conditions yielded the same increase in the error rate with misorientation relative to the training attitude. Taken together, these results support the notion that 3D objects are represented by multiple specific views, possibly augmented by partial viewer-centered 3D information.
          Article 0 comments Cited 51 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            The versatility and absolute efficiency of detecting mirror symmetry in random dot displays.

            David Barlow, Matthew B. Reeves (1978)
            Article 0 comments Cited 24 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              A computational model that recovers the 3D shape of an object from a single 2D retinal representation.

              Yunfeng Li, R Steinman, Zygmunt Pizlo (2009)
              Human beings perceive 3D shapes veridically, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. The problem of producing veridical shape percepts is computationally difficult because the 3D shapes have to be recovered from 2D retinal images. This paper describes a new model, based on a regularization approach, that does this very well. It uses a new simplicity principle composed of four shape constraints: viz., symmetry, planarity, maximum compactness and minimum surface. Maximum compactness and minimum surface have never been used before. The model was tested with random symmetrical polyhedra. It recovered their 3D shapes from a single randomly-chosen 2D image. Neither learning, nor depth perception, was required. The effectiveness of the maximum compactness and the minimum surface constraints were measured by how well the aspect ratio of the 3D shapes was recovered. These constraints were effective; they recovered the aspect ratio of the 3D shapes very well. Aspect ratios recovered by the model were compared to aspect ratios adjusted by four human observers. They also adjusted aspect ratios very well. In those rare cases, in which the human observers showed large errors in adjusted aspect ratios, their errors were very similar to the errors made by the model.
              Article 0 comments Cited 21 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Vis
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Vis
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JOVI
                Title: Journal of Vision
                Publisher: The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology
                ISSN (Electronic): 1534-7362
                Publication date (Electronic): 28 March 2022
                Publication date Collection: March 2022
                Volume: 22
                Issue: 4
                Electronic Location Identifier: 15
                Affiliations
                [1 ]School of Psychology, HSE University Moscow, Russian Federation
                [2 ]Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California-Irvine Irvine, CA, USA
                Author notes
                Article
                Publisher ID: JOV-08178-2021
                DOI: 10.1167/jov.22.4.15
                PMC ID: 8976923
                PubMed ID: 35344021
                SO-VID: 41cea623-8241-41af-a480-7899fac8858c
                Copyright © Copyright 2022 The Authors
                License:

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                Date accepted : 24 November 2021
                Date received : 14 October 2021
                Page count
                Pages: 4
                Categories
                Subject: Letters to the Editor
                Subject: Letters to the Editor

                Keywords: 3d shape perception,symmetry,stereoacuity,inverse problems,compactness
                Data availability:
                Keywords: 3d shape perception, symmetry, stereoacuity, inverse problems, compactness

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