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      Emergency contraceptive knowledge and associated factors among abortion experienced reproductive age women in Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis using EDHS 2016 data

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          Abstract

          Background

          Emergency contraceptives (EC) are used to avoid unintended pregnancy, hence avoiding its incidence and its effects. In Ethiopia, emergency contraception is commonly accessible, especially in the big cities. However, there is virtually little understanding of or awareness of EC and Ethiopia has a high abortion rate. Therefore this study was aimed to assess the magnitude and associated factors for emergency contraceptive knowledge in Ethiopia.

          Methods

          The study was based on secondary data analysis of the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016 data. A total weighted sample of 1236 reproductive age women was included. A multilevel mixed-effect binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify the significant associated factors of emergency contraceptive knowledge. Statistical significance was determined using Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval.

          Results

          Overall magnitude of emergency contraceptive knowledge was observed to be 17.19% (95% CI: 15.18, 19.40) with intra-class correlation (ICC) 57% and median odds ratio (MOR) 6.4 in the null model. Women’s age 25–34 (AOR = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.2, 5.5), and 35–49 (AOR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.06, 3.3), secondary and above educational level (AOR = 3.41; 95% CI: 2.19, 4.88), media exposure (AOR = 2.97; 95% CI: 1.56, 5.64), Being in metropolitan region (AOR = 2.68; 95% CI: 1.46, 4.74), and women being in urban area (AOR = 3.19; 95% CI: 1.20, 5.23) were associated with emergency contraceptive knowledge.

          Conclusion

          Emergency contraceptive knowledge in this study was low. Women age, educational level, media exposure, residency, and region were significantly associated with emergency contraceptive knowledge. Therefore, to enhance understanding and use of ECs in the current Ethiopian setting, it is imperative to ensure exposure to EC information, particularly in rural regions.

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          Most cited references38

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          Demographic and health surveys: a profile.

          Daniel J. Corsi, Melissa Neuman, Jocelyn E Finlay … (2012)
          Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) are comparable nationally representative household surveys that have been conducted in more than 85 countries worldwide since 1984. The DHS were initially designed to expand on demographic, fertility and family planning data collected in the World Fertility Surveys and Contraceptive Prevalence Surveys, and continue to provide an important resource for the monitoring of vital statistics and population health indicators in low- and middle-income countries. The DHS collect a wide range of objective and self-reported data with a strong focus on indicators of fertility, reproductive health, maternal and child health, mortality, nutrition and self-reported health behaviours among adults. Key advantages of the DHS include high response rates, national coverage, high quality interviewer training, standardized data collection procedures across countries and consistent content over time, allowing comparability across populations cross-sectionally and over time. Data from DHS facilitate epidemiological research focused on monitoring of prevalence, trends and inequalities. A variety of robust observational data analysis methods have been used, including cross-sectional designs, repeated cross-sectional designs, spatial and multilevel analyses, intra-household designs and cross-comparative analyses. In this profile, we present an overview of the DHS along with an introduction to the potential scope for these data in contributing to the field of micro- and macro-epidemiology. DHS datasets are available for researchers through MEASURE DHS at www.measuredhs.com.
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            Intended and unintended pregnancies worldwide in 2012 and recent trends.

            Gilda Sedgh, Susheela Singh, Rubina Hussain (2014)
            Periodic estimation of the incidence of global unintended pregnancy can help demonstrate the need for and impact of family planning programs. We draw upon multiple sources of data to estimate pregnancy incidence by intention status and outcome at worldwide, regional, and subregional levels in 2012 and to assess recent trends using previously published estimates for 2008 and 1995. We find that 213 million pregnancies occurred in 2012, up slightly from 211 million in 2008. The global pregnancy rate decreased only slightly from 2008 to 2012, after declining substantially between 1995 and 2008. Eighty-five million pregnancies, representing 40 percent of all pregnancies, were unintended in 2012. Of these, 50 percent ended in abortion, 13 percent ended in miscarriage, and 38 percent resulted in an unplanned birth. The unintended pregnancy rate continued to decline in Africa and in the Latin America and Caribbean region. If the aims of the London Summit on Family Planning are carried out, the incidence of unwanted and mistimed pregnancies should decline in the coming years.
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              Unintended Pregnancy: Worldwide Levels, Trends, and Outcomes

              Susheela Singh, Gilda Sedgh, Rubina Hussain (2010)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Tadele Biresaw Belachew: tadelebiresaw01@gmail.com
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Pregnancy Childbirth
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Pregnancy Childbirth
                Title: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
                Publisher: BioMed Central (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1471-2393
                Publication date (Electronic): 9 November 2023
                Publication date PMC-release: 9 November 2023
                Publication date Collection: 2023
                Volume: 23
                Electronic Location Identifier: 775
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Health Systems and Policy, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, ( https://ror.org/0595gz585) Gondar, Ethiopia
                [2 ]Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, ( https://ror.org/0595gz585) Gondar, Ethiopia
                [3 ]Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, ( https://ror.org/0595gz585) Gondar, Ethiopia
                [4 ]Department of Women’s and Family health, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, ( https://ror.org/0595gz585) Gondar, Ethiopia
                [5 ]Department of Reproductive Health, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, ( https://ror.org/0595gz585) Gondar, Ethiopia
                Article
                Publisher ID: 6091
                DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-06091-6
                PMC ID: 10634145
                SO-VID: 433a1598-9ad8-49b4-aeb5-064e6bad2027
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2023
                License:

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

                History
                Date received : 13 April 2023
                Date accepted : 28 October 2023
                Categories
                Subject: Research
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2023

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Obstetrics & Gynecology
                Keywords: emergency contraceptive,knowledge,multilevel,ethiopia
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Obstetrics & Gynecology
                Keywords: emergency contraceptive, knowledge, multilevel, ethiopia

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