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      Call for Papers: Epidemiology and Health Impacts of Neuroendocrine Tumors

      Submit here before August 30, 2024

      About Neuroendocrinology: 3.2 Impact Factor I 8.3 CiteScore I 1.009 Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR)

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      Thyroid Cancer: Role of RET and Beyond

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          Abstract

          Specific thyroid cancer histotypes, such as papillary and medullary thyroid carcinoma, display genetic rearrangements or point mutations of the RET gene, resulting in its oncogenic conversion. The molecular mechanisms mediating RET rearrangement with other genes and the role of partner genes in tumorigenesis have been described. In addition, the RET protein has become a molecular target for medullary thyroid carcinoma treatment.

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          Vandetanib in patients with locally advanced or metastatic medullary thyroid cancer: a randomized, double-blind phase III trial.

          Samuel A Wells, Bruce Robinson, Robert Gagel … (2012)
          There is no effective therapy for patients with advanced medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Vandetanib, a once-daily oral inhibitor of RET kinase, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, and epidermal growth factor receptor signaling, has previously shown antitumor activity in a phase II study of patients with advanced hereditary MTC. Patients with advanced MTC were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive vandetanib 300 mg/d or placebo. On objective disease progression, patients could elect to receive open-label vandetanib. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS), determined by independent central Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) assessments. Between December 2006 and November 2007, 331 patients (mean age, 52 years; 90% sporadic; 95% metastatic) were randomly assigned to receive vandetanib (231) or placebo (100). At data cutoff (July 2009; median follow-up, 24 months), 37% of patients had progressed and 15% had died. The study met its primary objective of PFS prolongation with vandetanib versus placebo (hazard ratio [HR], 0.46; 95% CI, 0.31 to 0.69; P < .001). Statistically significant advantages for vandetanib were also seen for objective response rate (P < .001), disease control rate (P = .001), and biochemical response (P < .001). Overall survival data were immature at data cutoff (HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.48 to 1.65). A final survival analysis will take place when 50% of the patients have died. Common adverse events (any grade) occurred more frequently with vandetanib compared with placebo, including diarrhea (56% v 26%), rash (45% v 11%), nausea (33% v 16%), hypertension (32% v 5%), and headache (26% v 9%). Vandetanib demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in a phase III trial of patients with advanced MTC (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00410761).
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            Molecular genetics and diagnosis of thyroid cancer.

            Yuri E. Nikiforov, Marina Nikiforova (2011)
            Thyroid cancer is a common type of endocrine malignancy, and its incidence has been steadily increasing in many regions of the world. Initiation and progression of thyroid cancer involves multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations, of which mutations leading to the activation of the MAPK and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways are crucial. Common mutations found in thyroid cancer are point mutation of the BRAF and RAS genes as well as RET/PTC and PAX8/PPARγ chromosomal rearrangements. The mutational mechanisms seem to be linked to specific etiologic factors. Chromosomal rearrangements have a strong association with exposure to ionizing radiation and possibly with DNA fragility, whereas point mutations probably arise as a result of chemical mutagenesis. A potential role of dietary iodine excess in the generation of BRAF point mutations has also been proposed. Somatic mutations and other molecular alterations have been recognized as helpful diagnostic and prognostic markers for thyroid cancer and are beginning to be introduced into clinical practice, to offer a valuable tool for the management of patients with thyroid nodules.
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              The discovery of receptor tyrosine kinases: targets for cancer therapy.

              Andreas R Gschwind, Oliver M Fischer, Axel Ullrich (2004)
              Article 0 comments Cited 271 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Eur Thyroid J
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Eur Thyroid J
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ETJ
                Title: European Thyroid Journal
                Publisher: S. Karger AG (Allschwilerstrasse 10, P.O. Box · Postfach · Case postale, CH–4009, Basel, Switzerland · Schweiz · Suisse, Phone: +41 61 306 11 11, Fax: +41 61 306 12 34, karger@karger.ch )
                ISSN (Print): 2235-0640
                ISSN (Electronic): 2235-0802
                Publication date (Print): April 2012
                Publication date (Electronic): 28 March 2012
                Publication date PMC-release: 1 October 2012
                Volume: 1
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 15-23
                Affiliations
                Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare L. Califano, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italia
                Author notes
                *Francesca Carlomagno, Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare L. Califano, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, IT–80123 Napoli (Italy), Tel. +39 081 746 3603, E-Mail francesca.carlomagno@ 123456unina.it
                Article
                Publisher ID: etj-0001-0015
                DOI: 10.1159/000336975
                PMC ID: 3821455
                PubMed ID: 24782993
                SO-VID: 4393f53a-9abe-44b6-837f-a238447e50de
                Copyright © Copyright © 2012 European Thyroid Association Published by S. Karger AG, Basel
                History
                Date received : 10 January 2012
                Date accepted : 31 January 2012
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 1, References: 86, Pages: 9
                Categories
                Subject: Basic Thyroidology / Review

                Keywords: ret,receptor tyrosine kinase,thyroid cancer,chromosome rearrangements,tyrosine kinase inhibitors
                Data availability:
                Keywords: ret, receptor tyrosine kinase, thyroid cancer, chromosome rearrangements, tyrosine kinase inhibitors

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