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      Efecto del uso de hidrolizado enzimático de proteína de levadura sobre la fermentación y el perfil sensorial del vino

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      BIO Web of Conferences
      EDP Sciences

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          Abstract

          Se evaluó el uso de proteínas de levaduras como fuente de nitrógeno orgánica para la fermentación en reemplazo del diaminofosfato (DAP). Se utilizaron Saccharomyces cerevisiae autoclavadas y posteriormente hidrolizadas con 6.75 mAU/g de subtilisina a pH 8.0 y 50 C hasta grados de hidrólisis de 5% y 15%. Se fermentó mosto de Cabernet sauvignon con Saccharomyces cerevisiae a 28 C y pH 3.5, utilizando como fuente de nitrógeno DAP (control) e hidrolizados proteicos de levadura (tratamientos). Se realizó un seguimiento de las fermentaciones midiendo Brix, azúcares reductores y grado alcohólico final. El grado alcohólico resultó en promedio 12 , mientras que los azúcares residuales fueron menores a 2 [g/L]. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre el control y los tratamientos, lo cual implica que durante las fermentaciones con hidrolizado proteico de levaduras no hubo deficiencia de nitrógeno, por lo que se infiere que los péptidos del hidrolizado fueron metabolizados por las levaduras. Se realizaron análisis sensoriales y de compuestos volátiles de diferentes vinos elaborados con DAP e hidrolizado proteico de levaduras como fuente de nitrógeno. El uso de hidrolizado proteico de levaduras generó cambios significativos en el perfil de alcoholes superiores y ésteres del vino en comparación con el uso de DAP. El panel organoléptico detectó un mayor dulzor y menor acidez en los vinos que usaron hidrolizado en comparación con los producidos con DAP. La utilización de hidrolizado enzimático de proteínas de levadura como fuente de nitrógeno orgánica en la fermentación del vino es técnicamente factible y además beneficiosa para las propiedades organolépticas del vino.

          Abstract

          Yeasts from the wine fermentation were processed and used as nitrogen source to replace the diaminephosphate (DAP). Saccharomyces cerevisiae were autoclaved and later hydrolyzed to 15% of degree of hdyrolysis (DH) at pH 8 and 50 C by using 6.75 mAU/g of subtilisin. The experiments consisted in fermentations of Cabernet sauvignon with Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 28 C and pH 3.5, using as nitrogen source DAP, as the control, and yeast hydrolysate (YH), as the treatment. Fermentations were characterized measuring Brix, redactor sugars and alcoholic degree. The average alcoholic degree was 12 with residual sugar concentrations below 2 g/l. Empirical evidence of non-significant differences among experiments implies that there was no limitation by nitrogen and that the peptides from the YH were assimilated by yeasts. The volatile compounds and sensorial analysis indicated significant differences in higher alcohols and esters between control and treatments. Higher sweetness and lower acidity were detected in YH fermented wines compared with DAP fermented wines. The utilization of enzymatic hydrolysate of yeast protein as an organic nitrogen source for the wine fermentation is technically feasible and, in addition, beneficial for the organoleptic properties of wine.

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          Most cited references7

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          Fish protein hydrolysates: production, biochemical, and functional properties.

          Considerable amounts of fish processing byproducts are discarded each year. By developing enzyme technologies for protein recovery and modification, production of a broad spectrum of food ingredients and industrial products may be possible. Hydrolyzed vegetable and milk proteins are widely used food ingredients. There are few hydrolyzed fish protein foods with the exception of East Asian condiments and sauces. This review describes various manufacturing techniques for fish protein hydrolysates using acid, base, endogenous enzymes, and added bacterial or digestive proteases. The chemical and biochemical characteristics of hydrolyzed fish proteins are discussed. In addition, functional properties of fish protein hydrolysates are described, including solubility, water-holding capacity, emulsification, and foam-forming ability. Possible applications of fish protein hydrolysates in food systems are provided, and comparison with other food protein hydrolysates where pertinent.
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            Implications of nitrogen nutrition for grapes, fermentation and wine

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              Influence of the nitrogen source on Saccharomyces cerevisiae anaerobic growth and product formation.

              To prevent the loss of raw material in ethanol production by anaerobic yeast cultures, glycerol formation has to be reduced. In theory, this may be done by providing the yeast with amino acids, since the de novo cell synthesis of amino acids from glucose and ammonia gives rise to a surplus of NADH, which has to be reoxidized by the formation of glycerol. An industrial strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was cultivated in batch cultures with different nitrogen sources, i.e., ammonium salt, glutamic acid, and a mixture of amino acids, with 20 g of glucose per liter as the carbon and energy source. The effects of the nitrogen source on metabolite formation, growth, and cell composition were measured. The glycerol yields obtained with glutamic acid (0.17 mol/mol of glucose) or with the mixture of amino acids (0.10 mol/mol) as a nitrogen source were clearly lower than those for ammonium-grown cultures (0.21 mol/mol). In addition, the ethanol yield increased for growth on both glutamic acid (by 9%) and the mixture of amino acids (by 14%). Glutamic acid has a large influence on the formation of products; the production of, for example, alpha-ketoglutaric acid, succinic acid, and acetic acid, increased compared with their production with the other nitrogen sources. Cultures grown on amino acids have a higher specific growth rate (0.52 h-1) than cultures of both ammonium-grown (0.45 h-1) and glutamic acid-grown (0.33 h-1) cells. Although the product yields differed, similar compositions of the cells were attained. The NADH produced in the amino acid, RNA, and extracellular metabolite syntheses was calculated together with the corresponding glycerol formation. The lower-range values of the theoretically calculated yields of glycerol were in good agreement with the experimental yields, which may indicate that the regulation of metabolism succeeds in the most efficient balancing of the redox potential.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                BIO Web of Conferences
                BIO Web Conf.
                EDP Sciences
                2117-4458
                2019
                February 19 2019
                2019
                : 12
                : 02017
                Article
                10.1051/bioconf/20191202017
                44a4ecc6-abd7-47cf-8678-693898d6f8ae
                © 2019

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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