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      Micro-CT Evaluation of Non-instrumented Canal Areas with Different Enlargements Performed by NiTi Systems

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          Abstract

          The aim of this study was to compare the percentage of non-instrumented area of root canals prepared with different enlargements using single-file reciprocating systems (Reciproc and WaveOne) and a conventional multi-file rotary (BioRaCe) system by micro-computed tomographic analysis. Thirty mesial roots of mandibular molars with moderate curvature (10° to 20°) presenting a type II Vertucci canal configuration and similar internal volume were chosen and scanned at an isotropic resolution of 14.16 µm. The sample was assigned to 3 groups (n=10) according to the system used for root canal preparation: Reciproc, WaveOne, and BioRaCe groups. Second and third scans were taken after the canals were prepared with instruments sizes 25 and 40, respectively. The recorded images of the surface area voxels of the canals, before and after preparation were examined from the furcation level to the apex to quantify the non-instrumented surface. Statistical data were compared using GLM for repeated-measures with a significance level set at 5%. Instrumentation systems did not influence the percentage of untouched root canal surfaces (p=0.690) whilst a significant reduction in the percentage of static voxels was observed after the enlargement of the root canal (p=0.010) in all groups (p=0.507). None of the systems was able to prepare the entire surface area of the mesial root canal of mandibular molars. The increased final apical size resulted in a significant positive effect on the shaping ability of the tested systems.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a porcentagem de área não-instrumentada de canais radiculares preparados com diferentes ampliações utilizando sistemas reciprocantes de lima única (Reciproc e WaveOne) e um sistema rotatório convencional de múltiplas limas (BioRaCe) usando a análise da micro tomografia computadorizada. Trinta raízes mesiais de molares inferiores com curvatura moderada (10º a 20º) apresentando a configuração classe II de Vertucci e semelhança de volume do canal foram selecionadas e escaneadas em uma resolução isotrópica de 14,16 µm. A amostra foi dividida em 3 grupos (n=10) de acordo com o sistema utilizado para a preparação do canal radicular: grupo Reciproc, grupo WaveOne e grupo BioRaCe. Segundo e terceiro escaneamentos foram realizados após os canais serem preparados com instrumentos tamanhos 25 e 40, respectivamente. As imagens registradas de voxels da área de superfície dos canais, antes e após o preparo, foram examinadas desde o nível da furca até o ápice para quantificar a superfície não instrumentada. Os dados foram comparados estatisticamente através de GLM para medidas repetidas com um nível de significância de 5%. Os sistemas de instrumentação não influenciaram o percentual de superfícies não tocadas dos canais radiculares (p=0,690), enquanto que uma redução significativa no percentual de voxels estáticos foi observada após o alargamento do canal radicular (p=0,010) em todos os grupos (p=0,507). Nenhum dos sistemas foi capaz de preparar toda a área de superfície do canal mesial dos molares inferiores. O aumento do tamanho final apical resultou num efeito positivo significativo sobre a capacidade de modelar dos sistemas testados.

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          Apically extruded debris with reciprocating single-file and full-sequence rotary instrumentation systems.

          The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the amount of apically extruded debris using rotary and reciprocating nickel-titanium instrumentation systems. Eighty human mandibular central incisors were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 20 teeth per group). The root canals were instrumented according to the manufacturers' instructions using the 2 reciprocating single-file systems Reciproc (VDW, Munich, Germany) and WaveOne (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and the 2 full-sequence rotary Mtwo (VDW, Munich, Germany) and ProTaper (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) instruments. Bidistilled water was used as irrigant. The apically extruded debris was collected in preweighted glass vials using the Myers and Montgomery method. After drying, the mean weight of debris was assessed with a microbalance and statistically analyzed using analysis of variance and the post hoc Student-Newman-Keuls test. The time required to prepare the canals with the different instruments was also recorded. The reciprocating files produced significantly more debris compared with both rotary systems (P .05), the reciprocating single-file system Reciproc produced significantly more debris compared with all other instruments (P < .05). Instrumentation was significantly faster using Reciproc than with all other instrument (P < .05). Under the condition of this study, all systems caused apical debris extrusion. Full-sequence rotary instrumentation was associated with less debris extrusion compared with the use of reciprocating single-file systems. Copyright © 2012 American Association of Endodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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            Quantitative evaluation of apically extruded debris with different single-file systems: Reciproc, F360 and OneShape versus Mtwo.

            To assess in a laboratory setting the amount of apically extruded debris associated with different single-file nickel-titanium instrumentation systems compared to one multiple-file rotary system.
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              Effects of root canal preparation on apical geometry assessed by micro-computed tomography.

              Previous micro-computed tomography analyses of root canal preparation provided data that were usually averaged over canal length. The aim of this study was to compare preparation effects on apical root canal geometry. Sixty extracted maxillary molars (180 canals) used in prior studies were reevaluated for analyses of the apical 4 mm. Teeth were scanned by using micro-computed tomography before and after canal shaping with FlexMaster, GT-Rotary, Lightspeed, ProFile, ProTaper, instruments or nickel-titanium K-files for hand instrumentation. Apical preparation was to a size #40 in mesiobuccal and distobuccal and #45 in palatal canals except for GT (#20) and ProTaper (#25 in mesiobuccal and distobuccal and #30 in palatal canals, respectively). Data for canal volume changes, the structure model index (quantifying canal cross sections), and untreated surface area were contrasted by using analysis of variance and Scheffé tests. Mean mesiobuccal, distobuccal, and palatal canal volumes increased after preparation (P < .05), but differences were noted for preparation techniques. GT rendered the smallest (0.20 +/- 0.14 mm(3)); K-files and ProFile showed the largest volume increases (0.51 +/- 0.20 mm(3) and 0.45 +/- 021 mm(3), P < .05). All canals were slightly rounder in the apical 4 mm after preparation indicated by nonsignificant increases in structure model index. Untreated areas ranged from 4%-100% and were larger in mesiobuccal and palatal canals than in distobuccal ones. Preparation with GT left significantly larger untreated areas in all canal types (P < .05); among root canal types, distobuccal canals had the least amounts of untreated surface areas. Apical canal geometry was affected differently by 6 preparation techniques; preparations with GT instruments to an apical size #20 left more canal surface untouched, which might affect the ability to disinfect root canals in maxillary molars.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                bdj
                Brazilian Dental Journal
                Braz. Dent. J.
                Fundação Odontológica de Ribeirão Preto (Ribeirão Preto )
                1806-4760
                December 2015
                : 26
                : 6
                : 624-629
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade do Grande Rio Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal Fluminense Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade Federal do Maranhão Brazil
                [4 ] Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Brazil
                [5 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                [6 ] Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro Brazil
                [7 ] Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Brazil
                Article
                S0103-64402015000600624
                10.1590/0103-6440201300116
                26963207
                44c51350-1a0c-4f50-b685-27955085b927

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0103-6440&lng=en
                Categories
                DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

                Dentistry
                shaping ability,micro-CT,non-instrumented canal areas,reciprocation motion,rotary motion
                Dentistry
                shaping ability, micro-CT, non-instrumented canal areas, reciprocation motion, rotary motion

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