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      First record of the exotic species platyfish Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther, 1866) in an urban floodplain of a Brazilian neotropical river Translated title: Primeiro registro da espécie exótica, plati Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther, 1866), na área de inundação urbana de um rio neotropical brasileiro

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          Abstract

          Abstract: Aim This work reports the first occurrence of the exotic species Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther, 1866) in the Sorocaba River Basin. The introduction of non-native fish species has become common and many species have been introduced mainly through sport fishing, aquaculture and aquarium keeping. In the case of the Poeciliidae, most of the introduced species that have been recorded come aquarium keeping. The environment where the specimens were captured had a large number of macrophytes due to anthropization and is located in a strictly urbanized area of the municipality. Methods The collection was done through a rectangular dip net, with measures of 70 cm x 60 cm and a mesh of 1 mm. The specimens were anesthetized in eugenol solution, fixed in 10% formalin solution and preserved in 70% alcohol. The specimens were later deposited in a scientific collection. Results The record includes two female specimens from an urban wetland on the Sorocaba River, São Paulo State, Brazil. Conclusions In the municipality of Sorocaba, 63 species of fish have already been identified, belonging to 7 orders and 19 families and 6 are exotic, such as the Xiphophorus maculatus. Urban floodplains are poorly studied environments, thus presenting great potential for the occurrence of species that have not yet been inventoried. The monitoring and inventory of exotic species must be carried out systematically so that mitigating measures can be proposed in relation to the control of these species, and this is one of the major causes of biodiversity loss. In addition, developing a program for returning unwanted fish to aquarium stores can be effective in preventing the introduction of new aquarium fish and displaying warnings informing of the negative ecological effects of releasing aquarium fish in all bags, fish plastics, and aquarium store websites.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo: Objetivo Este trabalho relata a primeira ocorrência da espécie exótica Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther, 1866) na bacia do Rio Sorocaba. A introdução de espécies de peixes não nativas tornou-se comum e muitas espécies foram introduzidas principalmente através da pesca esportiva, aquicultura e aquarismo. No caso dos Poeciliidae, a maioria das espécies introduzidas que foram registradas são provenientes do aquarismo. O ambiente onde os espécimes foram capturados apresentava grande quantidade de macrófitas flutuantes devido à antropização e está localizado em área estritamente urbanizada do município. Métodos A coleta foi feita através de rede retangular, com medidas de 70 cm x 60 cm e malha de 1 mm. Os espécimes foram anestesiados em solução de eugenol, fixados em solução de formol a 10% e conservados em álcool 70%. Os exemplares foram posteriormente depositados em uma coleção científica. Resultados O registro inclui dois espécimes femininos de um pantanal urbano no rio Sorocaba, estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Conclusões No município de Sorocaba já foram identificadas 63 espécies de peixes, pertencentes a 7 ordens e 19 famílias e 6 exóticas, como o Xiphophorus maculatus. As várzeas urbanas são ambientes pouco estudados, apresentando assim um grande potencial para a ocorrência de espécies ainda não inventariadas. O monitoramento e inventário das espécies deve ser realizado, além de medidas para o combate as invasões, como desenvolver um programa para peixes indesejados serem devolvidos às lojas de aquários assim como a exibição de avisos informando sobre os efeitos ecológicos negativos de liberar peixes de aquário em todas as sacolas, plásticos de peixes e sites de lojas de aquários.

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          Most cited references19

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          How Reproductive Ecology Contributes to the Spread of a Globally Invasive Fish

          Invasive freshwater fish represent a major threat to biodiversity. Here, we first demonstrate the dramatic, human-mediated range expansion of the Trinidadian guppy (Poecilia reticulata), an invasive fish with a reputation for negatively impacting native freshwater communities. Next, we explore possible mechanisms that might explain successful global establishment of this species. Guppies, along with some other notable invasive fish species such as mosquitofish (Gambusia spp.), have reproductive adaptations to ephemeral habitats that may enable introductions of very small numbers of founders to succeed. The remarkable ability of single pregnant guppies to routinely establish viable populations is demonstrated using a replicated mesocosm set up. In 86% of cases, these populations persisted for two years (the duration of the experiment). Establishment success was independent of founder origin (high and low predation habitats), and there was no loss of behavioural performance amongst mesocosm juveniles. Behavioural “signatures” of the founding locality were, however, evident in mesocosm fish. Our results demonstrate that introductions consisting of a single individual can lead to thriving populations of this invasive fish and suggest that particular caution should be exercised when introducing this species, or other livebearers, to natural water bodies.
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            The early detection of and rapid response (EDRR) to invasive species: a conceptual framework and federal capacities assessment

            Globalization necessitates that we address the negative externalities of international trade and transport, including biological invasion. The US government defines invasive species to mean, “with regard to a particular ecosystem, a non-native organism whose introduction causes, or is likely to cause, economic or environmental harm, or harm to human, animal, or plant health.” Here we address the role of early detection of and rapid response to invasive species (EDRR) in minimizing the impact of invasive species on US interests. We provide a review of EDRR’s usage as a federal policy and planning term, introduce a new conceptual framework for EDRR, and assess US federal capacities for enacting well-coordinated EDRR. Developing a national EDRR program is a worthwhile goal; our assessment nonetheless indicates that the federal government and its partners need to overcome substantial conceptual, institutional, and operational challenges that include establishing clear and consistent terminology use, strategically identifying and communicating agency functions, improving interagency budgeting, facilitating the application of emerging technologies and other resources to support EDRR, and making information relevant to EDRR preparedness and implementation more readily accessible. This paper is the first in a special issue of Biological Invasions that includes 12 complementary papers intended to inform the development and implementation of a national EDRR program.
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              Invasion risks posed by ornamental freshwater fish trade to southeastern Brazilian rivers

              A model was developed to assess the risk of invasion of ornamental non-native fishes to six rivers in the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil, with focus on species popularity. Thirty-nine aquarium shops, in six cities, were visited monthly from January to December 2007. In each city, fish species were identified, and their biology and invasion history information was obtained from the literature. We calculated the annual frequency of occurrence and average number of specimens monthly available in stores. Quarterly water temperature and dissolved oxygen data from 1997 to 2007 were obtained for the Velhas, Muriaé, Uberabinha, Sapucaí-Mirim, Doce and Todos os Santos Rivers from public databases. The invasion risk of each species was assessed through a model comprising nine parameters grouped in four variables: (i) Invasiveness (thermal and dissolved oxygen ranges, diet, parental care or fecundity), (ii) History of invasions (establishment), (iii) Propagule pressure (commercial success, comprising annual frequency of occurrence and number of specimens available monthly at stores), and (iv) Invasibility (water temperature and dissolved oxygen in the target river compatible with the species ranges). Of the 345 ornamental fish species for sale, 332 are non-native to either Minas Gerais (n = 151) or Brazil (n = 194). Based on the proposed cutting values, in particular the compatibility between species and recipient thermal ranges, five ornamental non-native species (Cyprinus rubrofuscus, Carassius auratus, Xiphophorus hellerii, Poecilia reticulata, and P. latipinna) can potentially invade the Velhas and Muriaé Rivers, four species (Cyprinus rubrofuscus, Carassius auratus, X. helleri, and P. reticulata) the Uberabinha River, four species (Cyprinus rubrofuscus, Carassius auratus, X. maculatus, and P. reticulata) the Sapucaí-Mirim River, three species (Carassius auratus, X. hellerii, and P. reticulata) the Doce River, and three species (Cyprinus rubrofuscus, P. reticulata, and Amatitlania nigrofasciata) can potentially invade the Todos os Santos River. Six recommendations are suggested to reduce the invasion risk of non-native fish on the rivers surveyed posed by aquarium trade.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                alb
                Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
                Acta Limnol. Bras.
                Associação Brasileira de Limnologia (Rio Claro, SP, Brazil )
                2179-975X
                2023
                : 35
                : e7
                Affiliations
                [03] São Carlos orgnameUniversidade Federal de São Carlos orgdiv1Departamento de Hidrobiologia orgdiv2Laboratório de Biomassa e Modelagem Matemática Brazil
                [01] Itirapina orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo orgdiv1Centro de Recursos Hídricos e Estudos Ambientais orgdiv2Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Engenharia Ambiental Brazil
                [05] São Paulo SP orgnameInstituto de Pesca orgdiv1Programa de Pós-graduação em Aquicultura e Pesca Brasil
                [04] São Paulo São Paulo orgnameUniversidade Paulista orgdiv1Programa de Pós-graduação em Patologia Ambiental e Experimental Brazil
                [02] Sorocaba São Paulo orgnameUniversidade Paulista orgdiv1Laboratório de Ecologia Estrutural e Funcional de Ecossistemas Brazil
                Article
                S2179-975X2023000101101 S2179-975X(23)03500001101
                10.1590/s2179-975x3622
                450859c6-2191-4052-88de-4f35ec463f4c

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 06 June 2022
                : 03 April 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 19, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Research Note

                aquarium trade,exotic species,ornamental fish,urban floodplain,aquarismo,espécie exótica,peixes ornamentais,várzea urbana

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