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      Racial and Social Impacts of Diabetes Mellitus: An Autobiographical Case Report

      case-report

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          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Type two diabetes mellitus is a chronic medical condition encountered by physicians providing medical care to adult and pediatric patients. This autobiographical case report discusses type two diabetes from the perspective of positive and negative interactions with the healthcare system in managing diabetes mellitus, especially for a physician of color and underrepresented in medicine. Bias and assumptions occur for some people diagnosed with diabetes mellitus or presumed to have the disease based on age, body habitus, comorbidities, lived environment, race, and ethnicity. I specifically address the social implications of bias experienced by persons of color strictly based on race and ethnicity. Intensified awareness about systemic and institutional racism in healthcare warrants eliminating the inequities and disparities in the medical management and treatment of diabetes mellitus.

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          Physician communication and patient adherence to treatment: a meta-analysis.

          Kelly B Haskard Zolnierek, M Robin DiMatteo (2009)
          Numerous empirical studies from various populations and settings link patient treatment adherence to physician-patient communication. Meta-analysis allows estimates of the overall effects both in correlational research and in experimental interventions involving the training of physicians' communication skills. Calculation and analysis of "r effect sizes" and moderators of the relationship between physician's communication and patient adherence, and the effects of communication training on adherence to treatment regimens for varying medical conditions. Thorough search of published literature (1949-August 2008) producing separate effects from 106 correlational studies and 21 experimental interventions. Determination of random effects model statistics and the detailed examination of study variability using moderator analyses. Physician communication is significantly positively correlated with patient adherence; there is a 19% higher risk of non-adherence among patients whose physician communicates poorly than among patients whose physician communicates well. Training physicians in communication skills results in substantial and significant improvements in patient adherence such that with physician communication training, the odds of patient adherence are 1.62 times higher than when a physician receives no training. Communication in medical care is highly correlated with better patient adherence, and training physicians to communicate better enhances their patients' adherence. Findings can contribute to medical education and to interventions to improve adherence, supporting arguments that communication is important and resources devoted to improving it are worth investing in. Communication is thus an important factor over which physicians have some control in helping their patients to adhere.
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            Race/ethnic difference in diabetes and diabetic complications.

            Sherita Hill Golden, N Spanakis (2013)
            Health disparities in diabetes and its complications and comorbidities exist globally. A recent Endocrine Society Scientific Statement described the Health Disparities in several endocrine disorders, including type 2 diabetes. In this review, we summarize that statement and provide novel updates on race/ethnic differences in children and adults with type 1 diabetes, children with type 2 diabetes, and in Latino subpopulations. We also review race/ethnic differences in the epidemiology of diabetes, prediabetes, and diabetes complications and mortality in the United States and globally. Finally, we discuss biological, behavioral, social, environmental, and health system contributors to diabetes disparities to identify areas for future preventive interventions.
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              Influence of Race, Ethnicity and Social Determinants of Health on Diabetes Outcomes.

              Rebekah Walker, Joni Williams, Leonard Egede (2016)
              There is strong evidence that race, ethnicity and social determinants of health significantly influence outcomes for patients with diabetes. A better understanding of the mechanisms of these relationships or associations would improve development of cost-effective, culturally tailored programs for patients with diabetes.
              Article 0 comments Cited 111 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Cureus
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Cureus
                Journal ID (issn): 2168-8184
                Title: Cureus
                Publisher: Cureus (Palo Alto (CA) )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2168-8184
                Publication date (Electronic, pub): 6 December 2021
                Publication date (Electronic, collection): December 2021
                Volume: 13
                Issue: 12
                Electronic Location Identifier: e20211
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA
                [2 ] Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, USA
                Author notes
                Article
                DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20211
                PMC ID: 8729318
                PubMed ID: 35004031
                SO-VID: 4571b75d-2c3c-4048-8773-8a09b0285bdd
                Copyright © Copyright © 2021, Smith et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date accepted : 3 December 2021
                Categories
                Subject: Endocrinology/Diabetes/Metabolism
                Subject: Preventive Medicine
                Subject: Other

                Keywords: underrepresented in medicine,minority population,minority health,implicit bias,diversity and equity in medicine,diversity and inclusion,racial and social impact,healthcare disparities,diabetes mellitus,autobiographical case report
                Data availability:
                Keywords: underrepresented in medicine, minority population, minority health, implicit bias, diversity and equity in medicine, diversity and inclusion, racial and social impact, healthcare disparities, diabetes mellitus, autobiographical case report

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