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      Translated title: A cost-effective method for rapid identification of the southern muriqui (Brachyteles arachnoids: a contribution for the control of illegal bushmeat trade

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          Translated abstract

          Para controlar o comércio ilegal de vida selvagem e proteger espécies animais ameaçadas, é essencial a identificação inequívoca dos espécimes capturados. Ferramentas de genética forense têm contribuído na identificação de animais para fins conservacionistas, fornecendo resultados precisos utilizados em políticas de gestão da biodiversidade. O muriqui-do-sul (Brachyteles arachnoides) é o maior primata não humano da região neotropical e está criticamente em perigo (Lista Vermelha da IUCN) devido, principalmente, à caça ilegal para consumo de sua carne. Nesse estudo, descrevemos um método molecular baseado em PCR/RFLP para diferenciar a carne do muriqui-do-sul da carne dos animais domésticos mais consumidos no Brasil (Bos taurus, Ovis aries, Capra hircus, and Sus scrofa). Este método é baseado na amplificação e digestão da região 16S mtDNA com a enzima de restrição BanI. Além disso, sequências da região do 16S mtDNA do muriqui-do-sul e de 13 espécies de mamíferos simpátricos e parapátricos também caçados por sua carne foram examinadas para avaliar a presença de sítios de restrição homólogos que pudessem comprometer a identificação do muriqui-do-sul. Os resultados indicam a utilidade desta ferramenta por representar um método simples e de baixo custo que permite diferenciar amostras de muriqui-do-sul das amostras das espécies domésticas e selvagens que foram examinadas. Esperamos que esta ferramenta molecular ajude as autoridades na prevenção de crimes contra a biodiversidade e cumprimento da legislação contra a caça ilegal de animais ameaçados.

          Translated abstract

          To control illegal wildlife-product trade and protect endangered species of animals, unambiguous identification of the captured specimens is essential. Forensic genetic tools have contributed to identify animal species for conservation purposes promoting accurate results for informing public policies and management of the biodiversity. The southern muriqui (Brachyteles arachnoides) is the largest non-human primate of the Neotropical region and is critically endangered (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species), mainly due to the illegal hunting for bushmeat. In this study, we describe a molecular method using PCR/RFLP to differentiate between bushmeat of southern muriqui and the meat of the domestic animals most commonly consumed in Brazil (Bos taurus, Ovis aries, Capra hircus, and Sus scrofa). The method is based on the amplification and digestion with BanI restriction enzyme of the 16S mtDNA region. We also examine 16S mtDNA sequences of the southern muriqui and other 13 sympatric and parapatric wild species of mammals also hunted for bushmeat to examine whether homologies of the BanI restriction sites could lead to species misidentification. The results indicate the utility of this tool as it represents a simple and cost-effective method to differentiate southern muriqui samples from those of the examined domestic and wild sympatric and parapatric species. We hope this molecular tool will help public authorities in crime prevention, and enhance law reinforcement of illegal hunting of threatened animal species.

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          Most cited references14

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          Cytochrome b gene for species identification of the conservation animals.

          A partial DNA sequence of cytochrome b gene was used to identify the remains of endangered animals and species endemic to Taiwan. The conservation of animals species included in this study were: the formosan gem-faced civets, leopard cats, tigers, clouded leopards, lion, formosan muntjacs, formosan sika deers, formosan sambars, formosan serows, water buffalo, formosan pangolins and formosan macaques. The control species used included domestic cats, domestic dogs, domestic sheeps, domestic cattles, domestic pigs and humans. Heteroplasmy was detected in the formosan macaque, domestic pig and domestic cats. The frequencies of heteroplasmy in these animals were about 0.25% (1 in 402bp). Sequences were aligned by Pileup program of GCG computer package, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed by the neighbor-joining method. The results of sequence comparison showed that the percentage range of sequence diversity in the same species was from 0.25 to 2.74%, and that between the different species was from 5.97 to 34.83%. The results of phylogenetic analysis showed that the genetic distance between the different species was from 6.33 to 40.59. Animals of the same species, both the endangered animal species and domestic animals, were clustered together in the neighbor-joining tree. Three unknown samples of animal remains were identified by this system. The partial sequence of cytochrome b gene adopted in this study proved to be usable for animal identification.
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            DNA Surveillance: Web-Based Molecular Identification of Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises

            H A Ross (2003)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                mznt
                Mastozoología neotropical
                Mastozool. neotrop.
                Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamíferos (SAREM) (Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina )
                0327-9383
                1666-0536
                June 2018
                : 25
                : 1
                : 35-41
                Affiliations
                [04] Sorocaba São Paulo orgnameParque Zoológico Municipal Quinzinho de Barros Brazil
                [01] Vitória de Santo Antão orgnameUniversidade Federal de Pernambuco orgdiv1Centro Acadêmico de Vitória Brazil
                [05] Botucatu São Paulo orgnameUniversidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho orgdiv1Programa de Animais Selvagens Brazil
                [03] Diadema São Paulo orgnameUniversidade Federal de São Paulo orgdiv1Departamento de Ciências Ambientais Brazil
                [02] Recife orgnameUniversidade Federal de Pernambuco orgdiv1Departamento de Zoologia Brazil
                [06] Jaboticabal São Paulo orgnameUniversidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho orgdiv1Departamento de Zootecnia Brazil
                Article
                S0327-93832018000100004
                45940bce-05b5-4878-b210-147018c2bb09

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 27 June 2017
                : 08 December 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 19, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Argentina

                Categories
                Artículos y notas

                Caça ilegal,Genética forense,16S mtDNA,Brachyteles arachnoides,Forensic genetics,Threatened species,Illegal hunting,Espécies ameaçadas

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