Defizite im verbalen Gedächtnis als transdiagnostisches Korrelat
                    psychotischer Störungen

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Abstract

Zusammenfassung. Defizite im verbalen Gedächtnis bei psychotischen Störungen könnten ein definierendes transdiagnostisches Merkmal sein, und in Vorstudien gefundene Unterschiede im Ausmaß dieser könnten auf methodische Effekte zurückgehen. Um dies zu untersuchen, wurden in der vorliegenden Studie Patient*innen mit verschiedenen psychotischen Störungen ( n=145) in einem Verfahren (California Verbal Learning Test, CVLT) verglichen und in einer Diskriminanzanalyse mit Defiziten im verbalen Gedächtnis als Kriterium von einer Vergleichsstichprobe von Patient*innen mit depressiver Störung ( n=89) unterschieden. Es ergibt sich Evidenz für die transdiagnostische Vergleichbarkeit der Defizite im verbalen Gedächtnis, jedoch werden anhand dieser in der Diskriminanzanalyse nur 63 % der Patient*innen korrekt klassifiziert. Dies liegt vor allem daran, dass die Patient*innen mit depressiver Störung ebenfalls unerwartet starke Einbußen zeigen.

Deficits in verbal declarative memory as a transdiagnostic correlate of psychotic disorders

Abstract. Deficits in verbal declarative memory for psychotic disorders may constitute a defining transdiagnostic feature, whereas the differences in the extent of these deficits found in previous studies may have been caused by methodological effects. The present study compared patients with different psychotic disorders ( n=145) using a test (California Verbal Learning Test, CVLT) and used discriminant analysis with deficits in verbal declarative memory as a criterion to differentiate between patients with psychotic disorders and a sample of patients with depressive disorders ( n=89). The results demonstrate evidence for the transdiagnostic comparability of deficits in verbal declarative memory, though only 63 % of the patients were classified correctly by discriminant analysis. This can be explained largely by the unexpected severity of the deficits for patients with depressive disorders.

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Conscious and unconscious memory systems.

Larry Squire, Adam Dede (2015)

The idea that memory is not a single mental faculty has a long and interesting history but became a topic of experimental and biologic inquiry only in the mid-20th century. It is now clear that there are different kinds of memory, which are supported by different brain systems. One major distinction can be drawn between working memory and long-term memory. Long-term memory can be separated into declarative (explicit) memory and a collection of nondeclarative (implicit) forms of memory that include habits, skills, priming, and simple forms of conditioning. These memory systems depend variously on the hippocampus and related structures in the parahippocampal gyrus, as well as on the amygdala, the striatum, cerebellum, and the neocortex. This work recounts the discovery of declarative and nondeclarative memory and then describes the nature of declarative memory, working memory, nondeclarative memory, and the relationship between memory systems.