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      Preservação da capacidade reprodutiva de Meloidogyne exigua em mudas de pimentão Translated title: Maintenance of the reproductive capacity of Meloidogyne exigua on pepper seedlings

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          Abstract

          O cafeeiro é o hospedeiro tipo de Meloidogyne exigua, no qual a produção de inóculo em larga escala demanda tempo prolongado. Objetivou-se comparar a reprodução de populações de M. exigua em plantas de café e pimentão, e avaliar a possível ocorrência de seletividade fisiológica depois de sucessivas gerações em pimentão. A reprodução foi estudada em cinco populações e a seletividade envolveu uma população que foi mantida em plantas de café e pimentão por 30 meses, com as avaliações realizadas a cada 90 dias. O número de galhas e de ovos foi sempre superior em pimentão. A taxa reprodutiva de M. exigua foi cerca de quatro vezes maior em pimentão do que em cafeeiro. Não houve diferença na reprodução de M. exigua em cafeeiro, para as duas fontes de inóculo, cafeeiro e pimentão, durante os 30 meses. Conclui-se que o pimentão é melhor hospedeiro que o cafeeiro para a multiplicação de inóculo de M. exigua, inclusive, para as populações que não se multiplicam em tomateiro, com as vantagens da rapidez e facilidade de condução das plantas em casa de vegetação. Assim, a produção de grande quantidade de inóculo de M. exigua é possível pela utilização do pimentão, uma vez que o nematóide não perde sua habilidade de infectar o cafeeiro.

          Translated abstract

          Coffee is the host-type of Meloidogyne exigua and significant inoculum production on this plant takes a long time. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reproduction of five M. exigua populations on coffee comparatively with reproduction on pepper, and the possible occurrence of physiological selectivity after successive generations on pepper. In the selectivity test, one population was maintained on coffee and pepper for 30 months and reproduction was evaluated 10 times, at 90 day intervals. The number of galls and eggs was always higher in pepper roots than in coffee ones. The reproductive rate in pepper was four times higher than in coffee. There was no difference in nematode reproduction in coffee between the two inoculum sources, coffee and pepper, during 30 months. Pepper proved to be a better host than coffee for the rearing of M. exigua, including those populations unable to reproduce in tomato roots, since pepper plants are easy to manage under green-house conditions and nematode reproduction is faster than in coffee. Therefore, pepper should be used to rear M. exigua since the nematode does not lose its ability to infect coffee.

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          The water culture method of growing plants without soil

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            DISC ELECTROPHORESIS. II. METHOD AND APPLICATION TO HUMAN SERUM PROTEINS.

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              Genetic variability and adaptive evolution in parthenogenetic root-knot nematodes.

              Root-knot nematodes (RKN) of the genus Meloidogyne are biotrophic plant parasites of major agricultural importance, which exhibit very variable modes of reproduction, from classical amphimixis to mitotic parthenogenesis. This review focuses on those RKN species that reproduce exclusively by mitotic parthenogenesis (apomixis), in contrast to those that have meiotic/amphimitic events in their life cycle. Although populations of clonal organisms are often represented as being ecologically isolated and evolutionary inert, a considerable volume of literature provides evidence that asexual RKN are neither: they are widely distributed, extremely polyphagous, and amenable to selection and adaptive variation. The ancestors of the genus are unknown, but it is assumed that the parthenogenetic RKN have evolved from amphimictic species through hybridization and subsequent aneuploidization and polyploidization events. Molecular studies have indeed confirmed that the phylogenetic divergence between meiotic and mitotic RKN lineages occurred early, and have revealed an unexpected level of clonal diversity among populations within apomictic species. Laboratory experiments have shown that asexual RKN can rapidly adapt to new environmental constraints (eg host resistance), although with some fitness costs. Lastly, the molecular and chromosomal mechanisms that could contribute to genome plasticity leading to persistent genetic variation and adaptive evolution in apomictic RKN are discussed. It is concluded that RKN provide an excellent model system in which to study the dynamic nature and adaptive potential of clonal genomes.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                tpp
                Tropical Plant Pathology
                Trop. plant pathol.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Fitopatologia (Brasília )
                1983-2052
                October 2008
                : 33
                : 5
                : 356-362
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal de Viçosa Brazil
                Article
                S1982-56762008000500003
                10.1590/S1982-56762008000500003
                46801369-197b-4bef-a985-52b04753f506

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1982-5676&lng=en
                Categories
                PLANT SCIENCES

                Plant science & Botany
                Capsicum annuum,inoculum production,'Early California Wonder',Nematóide das galhas,produção de inóculo,Root-knot nematode

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