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      Multivariate optimization of analytical methodology and a first attempt to an environmental risk assessment of β-blockers in hospital wastewater

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          Abstract

          This preliminary study evaluated an assessment of the risks arising from environmental exposure to β-blockers from wastewater of an university hospital (University Hospital of Santa Maria (HUSM), Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil). Propranolol showed the highest risk quotient (0.56). The occurrence of β-blockers was evaluated using an analytical procedure SPE-HPLC-FLD (solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection), optimizing the variables sample pH, water pH, and methanol:acetonitrile:formic acid ratio of the elution stage. The average concentrations of atenolol, metoprolol and propranolol for a sampling period of one week were 2.45 ± 1.14, 4.67 ± 1.63 and 0.70 ± 0.88 μg L-1 in the 'Emergence' sewage; 0.95 ± 0.68, 0.70 ± 0.33 and 0.315 ± 0.62 μg L-1 in the 'HUSM general' sewage and 1.26 ± 0.47, 1.27 ± 0.35 and 0.56 ± 0.47 μg L-1 in the 'Receiving waters', the receptor stream of the effluents, respectively. Propranolol showed an MEC/PNEC ratio > 1, and thus requires more attention in terms of toxicity. The occurrence of β-blockers and the associated environmental risks demonstrate the need of a more efficient treatment system for the hospital wastewater.

          Translated abstract

          O presente estudo avalia, preliminarmente, o risco da exposição ambiental a β-bloqueadores em efluente de um hospital universitário (Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria (HUSM), Rio Grande do Sul). Propranolol mostrou o maior quociente de risco (0,56). A ocorrência de β-bloqueadores foi avaliada com auxílio de metodologia de SPE-HPLC-FLD (extração por fase sólida-cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência com detecção por fluorescência) otimizando-se multivariadamente as variáveis pH da amostra, pH da água e a razão entre metanol:acetonitrila:ácido fórmico. As concentrações médias de atenolol, metoprolol e propranolol medidas durante o período de uma semana foram de 2,45 ± 1,14, 4,67 ± 1,63 e 0,70 ± 0,88 μg L-1 no efluente do pronto atendimento, 0,95 ± 0,68, 0,70 ± 0,33 e 0,315 ± 0,62 μg L-1 no efluente geral do hospital e 1,26 ± 0,47, 1,27 ± 0,35 e 0,56 ± 0,47 μg L-1 no córrego receptor, respectivamente. Propranolol mostrou razão MEC/PNEC > 1 (MEC: concentração ambiental mensurada e PNEC: concentração predita que não causa efeito), exigindo maior atenção em termos de toxicidade. A ocorrência de β-bloqueadores e o risco ambiental associado demonstram a necessidade de um sistema mais eficiente de tratamento do efluente hospitalar.

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          Spectrochim. Acta Part B

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            Water Res.

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              Chem. Rev.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                jbchs
                Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society
                J. Braz. Chem. Soc.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Química (São Paulo )
                1678-4790
                September 2012
                : 23
                : 9
                : 1732-1740
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Brazil
                [2 ] Leuphana University Lüneburg Germany
                Article
                S0103-50532012000900019
                46880bf3-71ac-487e-8c44-30bfcd94030e

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0103-5053&lng=en
                Categories
                CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

                General chemistry
                risk assessment,hospital wastewater,β-blockers,,response surface methodology,SPE-HPLC-FLD

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