Parametric values of Androctonus crassicauda (Oliver, 1807) (scorpiones: buthidae) from Turkey

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Abstract

The aim of the present study was to analyze the parametric values of Androctonus crassicauda (Oliver, 1807), the most significant scorpion species in Turkey. For this purpose, 11 male and 11 female A. crassicauda specimens were collected from Sanliurfa region. The body parts most important for species identification were measured by using sensitive calipers. Differences between sexes were statistically significant for pectinal organ length (female: 7.50±1.26mm;male: 8.63±1.05mm; p=0.033), pectinal tooth count (female: 25.36±0.86;male: 33.36±0.80; p=0.000), and carapace width (female: 10.27±1.19mm;male: 9.09±0.73mm; p=0.000). However, body length (female: 90.09±14.74mm;male: 82.95±5.40mm), abdomen width (female: 12.09±1.90mm;male: 11.09±0.88mm), and metasoma length (female: 43.09±3.08mm;male: 44.63±6.50mm) were not significantly different between sexes.

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Androctonus crassicauda sting and its clinical study in Iran.

S. Radmanesh (1990)

Androctonus crassicauda is the second most frequent cause of scorpion sting in southwest Iran. Its toxin can cause severe pain, autonomic, CNS, and muscle function disturbances, and death. Appropriate medical and nursing care can lead to complete recovery with no sequelae.

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Epidemiological study of scorpion stings in Saudi Arabia between 1993 and 1997

M. Al-Sadoon, B. Jarrar (2003)

This investigation evaluated the epidemiological aspects of scorpion stings in different areas of Saudi Arabia. A total of 72,168 cases of scorpion stings recorded in Ministry of Health Medical Centers in 11 selected areas of Saudi Arabia were analyzed based on area, age, sex, time of sting, sting site, treatment outcome, time of year, and scorpion species. Stings occurred throughout the year; the highest frequency was in June (15.08%), the lowest in February (2.52%). Most patients were male (61.8%); the majority of which were more than 15 years old (65.4%). Nocturnal envenomation (47.74%) was more common than diurnal (43.91%); most stings were in exposed limbs (90.95%), mainly in the lower limbs (63%). Most envenomings were mild (74.48%) and all evolved to cure, except for one death. Envenomation was characterized by local pain, erythema, headache, vomiting, and anxiety. This study found that the Leiurus quinquestriatus (Ehrenberg 1828), Androctonus crassicauda (Olivier 1807), and Apistobuthus pterygocercus (Finnegan 1807) were responsible for most of the stings, indicating their medical importance in Saudi Arabia. The study shows low threat to life despite the high number of stings; this is a result of the availability of medical facilities and the multi-center antivenom use in different areas of Saudi Arabia.

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Androctonus crassicauda (Olivier), a dangerous and unduly neglected scorpion--I. Pharmacological and clinical studies.

M. Ismail, M.A. Abd-Elsalam, M.S. Al-Ahaidib (1994)

Androctonus crassicauda venom has an i.v. LD50 in mice of 0.32 +/- 0.02 mg/kg, which makes the scorpion among the most toxic species in the world. Fifty-one non-fatal and one fatal cases of scorpion sting were presented. Pain and tenderness were very common following the sting. Generalized erythema occurred in 20-25% of all infants and children below the age of 5 years. Severe CNS manifestations including seizures, unconsciousness and marked irritability occurred mainly in infants and young children, while hypertension occurred in the majority of victims below the age of 11 years. Two pregnant victims were treated with antivenom with no bad consequences on mothers or foetuses. The fatal case described was inadequately treated with antivenom and presented a rare situation of intracranial coagulation in the basal cisterns or low in the cranial subarachnoid space. The victim developed moderate hydrocephalus of the communicating type with clear ventricular CSF and strongly xanthocromic fluid from lumbar puncture. The effects of A. crassicauda venom on isolated hearts, atria and anaesthetized rat blood pressure appeared to be mediated largely through stimulation of the autonomic nervous system with predominance of sympathetic stimulation and release of tissue catecholamines. Electrocardiograms recorded simultaneously with blood pressure changes showed evidence of ectopic foci during the hypertensive phase and ischaemia, inferior wall infarction and different degrees of heart block during the late hypotensive phase. Androctonus crassicauda venom was unique in following a three-compartment open model comprising a central compartment 'blood', a rapidly equilibrating 'shallow' tissue compartment and a slowly equilibrating 'deep' tissue compartment. The overall elimination half-life, t1/2 beta, was 24 hr, indicating that the venom has the slowest elimination among all known scorpion venoms. The long stay of the venom in the body might explain the increased risk of toxicity and the good potential for treatment with serotherapy even hours after the sting.

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Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): jvatitd

Title: Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases

Abbreviated Title: J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

Publisher: Centro de Estudos de Venenos e Animais Peçonhentos (CEVAP/UNESP) (Botucatu, SP, Brazil )

ISSN (Electronic): 1678-9199

Publication date (Print and electronic): 2006

Volume: 12

Issue: 4

Pages: 549-559

Affiliations

[02] Ankara orgnameAnkara University orgdiv1, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine orgdiv2Department of Entomology and Protozoology Turkey

[01] Ankara orgnameRefik Saydam Hygiene Center Turkey

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Publisher ID: S1678-91992006000400003 Publisher ID: S1678-9199(06)01200403

DOI: 10.1590/S1678-91992006000400003

SO-VID: 468b9283-f254-4c58-98f4-9095477f01e9

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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Date received : 05 July 2005

Date accepted : 17 April 2006

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Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 11

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Parametric values of Androctonus crassicauda (Oliver, 1807) (scorpiones: buthidae) from Turkey

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Androctonus crassicauda sting and its clinical study in Iran.

Epidemiological study of scorpion stings in Saudi Arabia between 1993 and 1997

Androctonus crassicauda (Olivier), a dangerous and unduly neglected scorpion--I. Pharmacological and clinical studies.

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