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      Tbnet — Collaborative research on tuberculosis in Europe

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          Abstract

          Networking is a key feature of scientific success. The Tuberculosis Network European Trialsgroup (TBNET) was founded in 2006 as a non-profit, non-governmental peer-initiated scientific organization to collaboratively address research priorities in the area of tuberculosis in Europe. Today, TBNET is the largest tuberculosis research organization in Europe with nearly 500 members from 22 EU countries and 49 countries worldwide (www.tb-net.org). Apart from small multicenter basic research studies, a particular strength of TBNET is the performance of large collaborative projects, pan-European multicenter studies and database projects. In recent years, research from TBNET has substantially contributed to the understanding of the management, risk and prognosis of patients with multidrug (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis and led to a better understanding of the clinical value of novel tests for the identification of adults and children with tuberculosis and latent infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In 2009, two branches of TBNET were founded to specifically address tuberculosis in the pediatric population (ptbnet) and non-tuberculous mycobacterial diseases (NTM-NET). In addition to the research activities, TBNET is developing expert consensus documents for clinical management and provides training and capacity building especially for members from Eastern European countries, where tuberculosis is still a prevalent health problem.

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          Most cited references19

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          The population dynamics and control of tuberculosis.

          More than 36 million patients have been successfully treated via the World Health Organization's strategy for tuberculosis (TB) control since 1995. Despite predictions of a decline in global incidence, the number of new cases continues to grow, approaching 10 million in 2010. Here we review the changing relationship between the causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and its human host and examine a range of factors that could explain the persistence of TB. Although there are ways to reduce susceptibility to infection and disease, and a high-efficacy vaccine would boost TB prevention, early diagnosis and drug treatment to interrupt transmission remain the top priorities for control. Whatever the technology used, success depends critically on the social, institutional, and epidemiological context in which it is applied.
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            LTBI: latent tuberculosis infection or lasting immune responses to M. tuberculosis? A TBNET consensus statement.

            Tuberculosis control relies on the identification and preventive treatment of individuals who are latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, direct identification of latent tuberculosis infection is not possible. The diagnostic tests used to identify individuals latently infected with M. tuberculosis, the in vivo tuberculin skin test and the ex vivo interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs), are designed to identify an adaptive immune response against, but not necessarily a latent infection with, M. tuberculosis. The proportion of individuals who truly remain infected with M. tuberculosis after tuberculin skin test or IGRA conversion is unknown. It is also uncertain how long adaptive immune responses towards mycobacterial antigens persist in the absence of live mycobacteria. Clinical management and public healthcare policies for preventive chemotherapy against tuberculosis could be improved, if we were to gain a better understanding on M. tuberculosis latency and reactivation. This statement by the TBNET summarises knowledge and limitations of the currently available tests used in adults and children for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection. In summary, the main issue regarding testing is to restrict it to those who are known to be at higher risk of developing tuberculosis and who are willing to accept preventive chemotherapy.
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              A multicentre evaluation of the accuracy and performance of IP-10 for the diagnosis of infection with M. tuberculosis.

              IP-10 has potential as a diagnostic marker for infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with comparable accuracy to QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube test (QFT-IT). The aims were to assess the sensitivity and specificity of IP-10, and to evaluate the impact of co-morbidity on IP-10 and QFT-IT. 168 cases with active TB, 101 healthy controls and 175 non-TB patients were included. IP-10 and IFN-γ were measured in plasma of QFT-IT stimulated whole blood and analyzed using previously determined algorithms. A subgroup of 48 patients and 70 healthy controls was tested in parallel with T-SPOT.TB IP-10 and QFT-IT had comparable accuracy. Sensitivity was 81% and 84% with a specificity of 97% and 100%, respectively. Combining IP-10 and QFT-IT improved sensitivity to 87% (p < 0.0005), with a specificity of 97%. T-SPOT.TB was more sensitive than QFT-IT, but not IP-10. Among non-TB patients IP-10 had a higher rate of positive responders (35% vs 27%, p < 0.02) and for both tests a positive response was associated with relevant risk factors. IFN-γ but not IP-10 responses to mitogen stimulation were reduced in patients with TB and non-TB infection. This study confirms and validates previous findings and adds substance to IP-10 as a novel diagnostic marker for infection with M. tuberculosis. IP-10 appeared less influenced by infections other than TB; further studies are needed to test the clinical impact of these findings. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                1886
                122234
                European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology
                EuJMI
                Akadémiai Kiadó, co-published with Springer Science+Business Media B.V., Formerly Kluwer Academic Publishers B.V.
                2062-509X
                2062-8633
                1 December 2012
                : 2
                : 4
                : 264-274
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] European Research and Project Office GmbH — Eurice, Saarbrücken, Germany
                [ 2 ] Division of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
                [ 3 ] Departmento de Epidemiologia Clinica, Medicina Preventiva e Saúde Pública Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
                [ 4 ] Department of Respiratory Medicine, Homerton University Hospital, London, UK
                [ 5 ] Tuberculosis Network European Trialsgroup Office, Borstel, Germany
                [ 6 ] Emerging Pathogens Unit, TB Supranational Reference Laboratory, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
                [ 7 ] Centre for Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine and Centre for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
                [ 8 ] Academic Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College, London, UK
                [ 9 ] Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Rome, Italy
                [ 10 ] Betriebs- und Steuerberatungsgesellschaft SHBB mbH, Bad Oldesloe, Germany
                [ 11 ] Department of Transplant and Infection Immunology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
                Author notes
                Article
                4
                10.1556/eujmi.2.2012.4.4
                46fcbcc4-1feb-4b69-a7dd-7248eafacd5d
                History
                : 8 September 2012
                : 10 September 2012
                Categories
                Review Articles

                Medicine,Immunology,Health & Social care,Microbiology & Virology,Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Tuberculosis Network European Trialsgroup, Mycobacterium tuberculosis ,TBNET,NTM-NET,ptbnet,tuberculosis

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