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      Estudo histomorfométrico dos cardiomiócitos do ventrículo esquerdo das ratas albinas durante a prenhez Translated title: Histomorphometrical study of cardiomyocytes of the left ventricular of albino rats during pregnancy

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          Abstract

          OBJETIVO. No presente estudo propusemo-nos a avaliar, por meio da microscopia de luz, os aspectos morfológicos e morfométricos dos cardiomiócitos do ventrículo esquerdo de ratas albinas durante a prenhez. MÉTODOS. Acasalamos doze ratas virgens que foram dividas ao acaso em quatro grupos, de acordo com a idade gestacional. Os animais correspondentes a cada grupo foram sacrificados ao 1o(G-A), 7o(G-B), 14o(G-C) e 21o(G-D) dias de prenhez, sendo coletados fragmentos do terço médio do ventrículo esquerdo, os quais após processamento apropriado, permitiram observação adequada à microscopia de luz. A cariometria foi realizada mensurando-se os diâmetros maiores e menores dos cardiomiócitos com o auxílio de um tambor rotativo modelo K 8 X adaptado a um microscópio de luz. RESULTADOS. O estudo em nível da microscopia de luz praticamente não mostrou alterações com o decorrer da prenhez. No entanto, a morfometria revelou que os volumes dos cardiomiócitos estão aumentados no 14o dia da prenhez, mostrando-se estatisticamente significante quando comparado aos demais grupos estudados. Assim, nossos resultados demonstraram haver hipertrofia ventricular esquerda durante a gestação. CONCLUSÃO. Durante a gestação há um processo dinâmico reversível de remodelação ventricular em conseqüência das alterações adaptativas gravídicas.

          Translated abstract

          PURPOSE. In the present study we evaluated, by light microscopy, and throughout morphometry, whether hypertrophy of cardiac striated muscular fibers of left ventricular occur in albino rat, during pregnancy. METHODS. After maiting, 12 nuliparous rats were divided into four groups with three animals for each group. The female rats corresponding to each group were killed at 1st, 7th, 14th and 21st days of pregnancy. RESULTS. Observation, on light microscopy (H.E) had at one view, did not display any alterations during pregnancy. However, the morphometry revealed that nuclei of cardiomyocytes are augmented in volume at 14th day of pregnancy and statistically significant data show the hypertrophy. CONCLUSION. The obtained data show the existence of a dinamic and reversible process of ventricular remodelling in consequence of adaptation physiological alterations of the cardiovascular normal pregnancy.

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          Cardiac hypertrophy: useful adaptation or pathologic process?

          W Grossman (1980)
          An extensive body of evidence supports the concept that cardiac hypertrophy and normal cardiac growth develop in response to increased hemodynamic loading and abnormal systolic and diastolic stresses at the myocardial fiber level. The pattern of hypertrophy reflects the nature of the inciting stress. Experimental studies indicate that if the stress is moderate, gradually applied, and the animal young and healthy, physiologic hypertrophy of muscle with normal contractility develops. In this circumstance, cardiac hypertrophy may be regarded as a useful adaptation to increased hemodynamic loading. When the inciting stress is severe, abruptly applied, or the animal old or debilitated, pathologic hypertrophy develops: in this circumstance, the cardiac muscle produced is abnormal and exhibits depressed contractility. Of particular clinical relevance is the intermediate situation which seems to develop in many patients with chronic left ventricular pressure-overload and perhaps also in left ventricular volume-overload. In this situation, chronic left ventricular pressure or volume overload is initially matched by adequate hypertrophy in the appropriate pattern. Eventually, in some patients, hypertrophy fails to keep pace with the hemodynamic overload so that a systolic stress imbalance occurs at the myocardial fiber level and left ventricular pump failure ensues. If this situation persists uncorrected, it is possible that the increasingly high wall stresses will convert physiologic to pathologic hypertrophy. The task of the clinician is to identify this intermediate stage and to correct the abnormal hemodynamic loading before the transition to pathologic hypertrophy becomes complete.
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            Maternal blood volume and cardiac output during pregnancy: a hypothesis of endocrinologic control.

            During the course of gestation the increase of maternal total blood volume and cardiac output may result from two mechanisms acting in concert: 1) the production of several hormones by the fetus and the placenta, and 2) the uteroplacental circulation acting as an arteriovenous shunt. Plasma volume appears to increase as a consequence of renal Na+ reabsorption and water retention, which result from increased aldosterone production via the renin-angiotensin system, as a consequence of placental estrogen production. This estrogen production in turn results from increasing availability of the estrogen substrate dehydroepiandrosterone (chiefly from the fetal adrenal gland). Erythrocyte volume increases as a consequence of the erythropoietic effect of placental chorionic somatomammotropin, progesterone, and perhaps prolactin. In addition, maternal blood volume increases in response to the uteroplacental circulation functioning as a low-resistance circuit. In turn, this increases cardiac output and nutrient delivery for further growth of the products of gestation. Thus there may exist a feedback mechanism whereby fetal growth and, in particular, increasing steroidogenesis by the developing fetal adrenal gland result in the maternal cardiovascular adaptations to pregnancy that optimize further fetal development. In certain complications of pregnancy the less-than-normal maternal blood volume increase may result from failure of these mechanisms, while in turn contributing to the further genesis of these disorders.
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              The effect of male hormone substance upon birth and prenatal development in the rat

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ramb
                Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira
                Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras.
                Associação Médica Brasileira (São Paulo )
                1806-9282
                July 1999
                : 45
                : 3
                : 242-246
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S0104-42301999000300009
                10.1590/S0104-42301999000300009
                472476d6-4f17-4a7a-b5f5-aa1357a26449

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0104-4230&lng=en
                Categories
                MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

                Internal medicine
                Heart,Pregnancy,Physiological adaptation,Hypertrophy left ventricular,Cardiomyocytes,Kariometry,Coração,Gravidez,Hipertrofia ventricular esquerda,Adaptação fisiológica,Cardiomiócito,Cariometria

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