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      Use of Google Analytics to Explore Dissemination Activities for an Online CKD Clinical Pathway: A Retrospective Study

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          Abstract

          Background:

          Data on dissemination strategies that generate awareness of clinical pathways for kidney care are limited.

          Objective:

          This study reports the application of Google Analytics to describe the reach and use of the Chronic Kidney Disease Pathway (CKD-P) using a multi-faceted dissemination strategy.

          Design:

          The design of this study is a retrospective descriptive study.

          Setting:

          This study was conducted in Alberta, Canada.

          Patients:

          Individuals who accessed the CKD-P Web site between November 5, 2014, and May 31, 2019.

          Measurements:

          Dissemination activities included print, electronic, in-person meetings, and a laboratory prompt. We used Google Analytics over a 5-year period to evaluate the following CKD-P Web site user metrics: number of sessions, pageviews, visit duration, user path, and bounce rate (when an individual visits a single page of the Web site and leaves the Web site without interacting with additional pages).

          Methods:

          We plotted dissemination activities alongside Web site metrics using control charts and described the data using means and percentages. We performed chi-square test for trends to evaluate year-over-year usage.

          Results:

          There were 83 294 users, 90 805 sessions, and 231 684 pageviews. The overall bounce rate was 45.7%. Each user had an average of 1.5 sessions and a session duration of 2 minutes and 8 seconds. There was a significant positive trend for total annual users ( P = .008), new users ( P = .009), number of sessions ( P = .006), and pageviews per day ( P = .016).

          Limitations:

          We were unable to confirm if users were primary care providers and if word-of-mouth dissemination among providers/researchers drove people to use the CKD-P.

          Conclusions:

          Google Analytics was a useful and accessible tool for evaluating CKD-P reach and use trends. It was challenging to identify how individual dissemination activities contributed to CKD-P reach; however, repeated dissemination appeared to play a role in increasing CKD-P use.

          Trial registration:

          Not applicable—observational study design.

          Abrégé

          Contexte:

          Il existe peu de données sur les stratégies de diffusion pour sensibiliser les différents intervenants aux plans d’intervention en santé rénale.

          Objectif:

          Cette étude rend compte de l’utilization de Google Analytics pour décrire la portée et l’utilization d’un plan d’intervention en ligne pour l’insuffisance rénale chronique (CKD-P — Chronic Kidney Disease Pathway) à l’aide d’une stratégie de diffusion à plusieurs facettes.

          Conception de l’étude:

          Étude descriptive rétrospective.

          Cadre:

          Alberta, Canada.

          Sujets:

          Les individus ayant accédé au site Web CKD-P entre le 5 novembre 2014 et le 31 mai 2019.

          Mesures:

          Les activités de diffusion comprenaient des documents imprimés, des documents électroniques, des réunions en personne et un lien internet vers le site web de CKD-P lors de la transmission d’un résultat anormal de laboratoire. Nous avons utilisé Google Analytics pendant cinq ans pour évaluer les mesures suivantes pour les utilisateurs du site Web CKD-P: nombre de sessions, vues de page, durée des visites, chemin d’accès utilisateur et taux de rebond (lorsqu’une personne visite une seule page du site Web et le quitte sans interagir avec d’autres pages).

          Méthodologie:

          Les activités de diffusion et les paramètres du site Web sont présentés à l’aide de tableaux de contrôle, et les données à l’aide de moyennes et de pourcentages. Un test de Chi-Deux a servi à déterminer les tendances et évaluer l’utilization d’une année sur l’autre.

          Résultats:

          Nous avons répertorié 83 294 utilisateurs, 90 805 sessions et 231 684 pages consultées. Le taux de rebond global était de 45,7 %. En moyenne, chaque utilisateur comptait 1,5 session dont la durée moyenne était de 2 minutes 8 secondes. On a observé une tendance positive significative pour le nombre total annuel d’utilisateurs ( P = 0,008), les nouveaux utilisateurs ( P = 0,009), le nombre de sessions ( P = 0,006) et les vues de pages par jour ( P = 0,016).

          Limites:

          Il n’a pas été possible de confirmer si les utilisateurs étaient des fournisseurs de soins primaires et si la diffusion de bouche-à-oreille entre les fournisseurs/chercheurs avait amené les gens à utiliser CKD-P.

          Conclusion:

          Google Analytics s’est avéré un outil utile et accessible pour évaluer les tendances de portée et d’utilization de CKD-P. Il est difficile d’établir comment les activités de diffusion individuelles contribuent à la portée de CKD-P; la diffusion répétée semble néanmoins jouer un rôle dans l’augmentation de l’utilization de CKD-P.

          Enregistrement de l’essai:

          Sans objet — étude observationnelle

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          Most cited references29

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Early recognition and prevention of chronic kidney disease.

          Chronic kidney disease is a common disorder and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. Early diagnosis on the basis of presence of proteinuria or reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate could permit early intervention to reduce the risks of cardiovascular events, kidney failure, and death that are associated with chronic kidney disease. In developed countries, screening for the disorder is most efficient when targeted at high-risk groups including elderly people and those with concomitant illness (such as diabetes, hypertension, or cardiovascular disease) or a family history of chronic kidney disease, although the role of screening in developing countries is not yet clear. Effective strategies are available to slow the progression of chronic kidney disease and reduce cardiovascular risk. Treatment of high blood pressure is recommended for all individuals with, or at risk of, chronic kidney disease. Use of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin-receptor blockers is preferred for patients with diabetic chronic kidney disease or those with the proteinuric non-diabetic disorder. Glycaemic control can help prevent the onset of early stages of chronic kidney disease in individuals with diabetes. Use of statins and aspirin is beneficial for most patients with chronic kidney disease who are at high cardiovascular risk, although research is needed to ascertain how to best prevent cardiovascular disease in this cohort. Models of care that facilitate delivery of the many complex aspects of treatment simultaneously could enhance management, although effects on clinical outcomes need further assessment. Novel clinical methods to better identify patients at risk of progression to later stages of chronic kidney disease, including kidney failure, are needed to target management to high-risk subgroups. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Prevalence estimates of chronic kidney disease in Canada: results of a nationally representative survey.

            Chronic kidney disease is an important risk factor for death and cardiovascular-related morbidity, but estimates to date of its prevalence in Canada have generally been extrapolated from the prevalence of end-stage renal disease. We used direct measures of kidney function collected from a nationally representative survey population to estimate the prevalence of chronic kidney disease among Canadian adults. We examined data for 3689 adult participants of cycle 1 of the Canadian Health Measures Survey (2007-2009) for the presence of chronic kidney disease. We also calculated the age-standardized prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors by chronic kidney disease group. We cross-tabulated the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) with albuminuria status. The prevalence of chronic kidney disease during the period 2007-2009 was 12.5%, representing about 3 million Canadian adults. The estimated prevalence of stage 3-5 disease was 3.1% (0.73 million adults) and albuminuria 10.3% (2.4 million adults). The prevalence of diabetes, hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia were all significantly higher among adults with chronic kidney disease than among those without it. The prevalence of albuminuria was high, even among those whose eGFR was 90 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) or greater (10.1%) and those without diabetes or hypertension (9.3%). Awareness of kidney dysfunction among adults with stage 3-5 chronic kidney disease was low (12.0%). The prevalence of kidney dysfunction was substantial in the survey population, including individuals without hypertension or diabetes, conditions most likely to prompt screening for kidney dysfunction. These findings highlight the potential for missed opportunities for early intervention and secondary prevention of chronic kidney disease.
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              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Designing for dissemination among public health researchers: findings from a national survey in the United States.

              We have described the practice of designing for dissemination among researchers in the United States with the intent of identifying gaps and areas for improvement.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Can J Kidney Health Dis
                Can J Kidney Health Dis
                CJK
                spcjk
                Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease
                SAGE Publications (Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA )
                2054-3581
                11 May 2022
                2022
                : 9
                : 20543581221097456
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
                [2 ]Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
                [3 ]Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
                [4 ]Department of Family Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
                [5 ]O’Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
                Author notes
                [*]Maoliosa Donald, Adjunct Professor, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Health Sciences Centre—G239, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada. Email: donaldm@ 123456ucalgary.ca
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2480-5909
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0960-3628
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5434-2917
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8823-6127
                Article
                10.1177_20543581221097456
                10.1177/20543581221097456
                9102205
                35574262
                47c5b51b-ef82-4d51-844e-93ba6848486b
                © The Author(s) 2022

                This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages ( https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

                History
                : 9 January 2022
                : 14 March 2022
                Funding
                Funded by: alberta innovates - health solutions, FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000145;
                Funded by: canadian institutes of health research, FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000024;
                Categories
                Original Clinical Research Quantitative
                Custom metadata
                January-December 2022
                ts1

                chronic kidney disease,clinical pathway,dissemination,google analytics,health informatics,internet,primary care

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