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      Neurofibromatose tipo 1: relato de um caso clínico Translated title: Neurofibromatosis type 1: a case report

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          Abstract

          Introdução: A neurofibromatose tipo 1 (NF1) é uma doença neurocutânea de hereditariedade autossómica dominante, ocorrendo mutações de novo em cerca de metade dos casos. Sendo o diagnóstico firmado na presença de pelo menos dois critérios de diagnóstico, na maioria clínicos, o médico de família deve conhecer as manifestações desta doença. Caso: AIGD, sexo feminino, 29 anos, com história de numerosas lesões cutâneas desde criança, de agravamento progressivo e dificuldades de aprendizagem. Antecedentes maternos de lesões cutâneas semelhantes. Pertence a uma família alargada, de classe média-baixa, com critérios de risco familiar. Em 2008 foi referenciada a consulta de Cirurgia Geral pelo seu médico de família por «múltiplos nevos e verrugas». Após a exérese de várias destas lesões, foi feito o diagnóstico anatomopatológico, em 2009, de neurofibromas. Foi enviada para consulta de Neurologia, na qual se confirmou apresentar critérios clínicos para diagnóstico de NF1 (neurofibromas, efélides axilares, = seis manchas cutâneas de cor café com leite). Nessa consulta havia registo de um filho de 3 anos com manchas cutâneas de cor café com leite. A criança foi convocada para observação por Dermatologia apenas em 2012, após observação da utente por esta especialidade. Nesta consulta, verificou-se que o filho apresentava também critérios para diagnóstico de NF1. Comentário: A NF1, pela sua frequência (1/2500-3000) e gravidade das complicações associadas, constitui uma doença cujo diagnóstico precoce é importante. Como é evidente neste caso, nem sempre os médicos estão atentos às suas manifestações clínicas, perdendo-se a oportunidade de aconselhamento genético e/ou de minimizar as complicações desta doença.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a common neurocutaneous condition with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. A new mutation occurs in about half of the cases. The diagnosis is based on clinical assessment so family physicians should be aware of the manifestations of the disease. Case presentation: A 29 year-old female patient presented with a history of numerous skin lesions since childhood. The lesions were getting progressively worse. The patient also had learning disabilities. Her mother had similar skin lesions. She was referred to a General Surgery clinic in 2008 because of “multiple moles and warts”. After excision of skin lesions, a pathological diagnosis, of neurofibromas was made in 2009. She was referred to a Neurology clinic and the clinical diagnosis of NF1 was confirmed by the presence of neurofibromas, freckles, and more than 6 café au lait spots on the skin. It was also noted that her three year-old son had one café au lait patch on his skin. The child was referred to a Dermatology clinic in 2012. At this time the child fulfilled the clinical criteria for the diagnosis of NF1. Commentary: Because of the prevalence (1/2500-3000) and severity of complications of NF1, the early detection of the disease is important. As is evident in this case, clinicians are not always aware of its manifestations, missing opportunities for genetic counselling and preventing complications of the disease.

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          Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of individuals with neurofibromatosis 1.

          Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is a common neurocutaneous condition with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. The complications are diverse and disease expression varies, even within families. Progress in molecular biology and neuroimaging and the development of mouse models have helped to elucidate the aetiology of NF1 and its clinical manifestations. Furthermore, these advances have raised the prospect of therapeutic intervention for this complex and distressing disease. Members of the United Kingdom Neurofibromatosis Association Clinical Advisory Board collaborated to produce a consensus statement on the current guidelines for diagnosis and management of NF1. The proposals are based on published clinical studies and on the pooled knowledge of experts in neurofibromatosis with experience of providing multidisciplinary clinical and molecular services for NF1 patients. The consensus statement discusses the diagnostic criteria, major differential diagnoses, clinical manifestations and the present strategies for monitoring and management of NF1 complications.
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            Neurofibromatosis type 1: from genotype to phenotype.

            Although neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is a common Mendelian disorder with autosomal-dominant inheritance, its expression is highly variable and unpredictable. Many NF1 patients have been genotyped but few allele-phenotype correlations have been identified. NF1 genotype-phenotype correlations are difficult to identify because of the complexity of the NF1 phenotype, its strong age dependency, the relatedness of many clinical features and the huge heterogeneity of pathogenic NF1 mutations. Some NF1 patients with a given NF1 mutation may develop very severe disease while others with the same mutation have only mild symptoms. This phenotypic variability may be due to both modifier genes and environmental factors. Recent targeted strategies have identified several interesting candidate modifier genes.
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              Neurofibromatosis

              Neurofibromatosis (NF) is one of the most common genetic disorders. Inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion, this phacomatosis is classified into two genetically distinct subtypes characterized by multiple cutaneous lesions and tumors of the peripheral and central nervous system. Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), also referred to as Recklinghausen's disease, affects about 1 in 3500 individuals and presents with a variety of characteristic abnormalities of the skin and the peripheral nervous system. Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), previously termed central neurofibromatosis, is much more rare occurring in less than 1 in 25 000 individuals. Often first clinical signs of NF2 become apparent in the late teens with a sudden loss of hearing due to the development of bi-or unilateral vestibular schwannomas. In addition NF2 patients may suffer from further nervous tissue tumors such as meningiomas or gliomas. This review summarizes the characteristic features of the two forms of NF and outlines commonalities and distinctions between NF1 and NF2.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rpmgf
                Revista Portuguesa de Medicina Geral e Familiar
                Rev Port Med Geral Fam
                Associação Portuguesa de Medicina Geral e Familiar (Lisboa )
                2182-5173
                September 2013
                : 29
                : 5
                : 322-326
                Affiliations
                [1 ] ACES do Alto Ave
                [2 ] ACES do Alto Ave
                Article
                S2182-51732013000500007
                48907081-3d59-467d-ba3a-2c5c21f8bf0b

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Portugal

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.mec.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=2182-5173&lng=en
                Categories
                MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

                Internal medicine
                Neurofibromatoses,Neurofibromatosis 1,Neurofibroma,Neurofibromatose 1,Neurofibromas

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