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      Rapid Acquisition of X-Ray Scattering Data from Droplet-Encapsulated Protein Systems.

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          Abstract

          Encapsulating reacting biological or chemical samples in microfluidic droplets has the great advantage over single-phase flows of providing separate reaction compartments. These compartments can be filled in a combinatoric way and prevent the sample from adsorbing to the channel walls. In recent years, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) in combination with microfluidics has evolved as a nanoscale method of such systems. Here, we approach two major challenges associated with combining droplet microfluidics and SAXS. First, we present a simple, versatile, and reliable device, which is both suitable for stable droplet formation and compatible with in situ X-ray measurements. Second, we solve the problem of "diluting" the sample signal by the signal from the oil separating the emulsion droplets by multiple fast acquisitions per droplet and data thresholding. We show that using our method, even the weakly scattering protein vimentin provides high signal-to-noise ratio data.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Chemphyschem
          Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry
          Wiley-Blackwell
          1439-7641
          1439-4235
          May 19 2017
          : 18
          : 10
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Institute for X-ray Physics, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
          [2 ] Current address: European XFEL GmbH, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany.
          [3 ] Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland.
          [4 ] Current address: MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, 221-00, Lund, Sweden.
          [5 ] Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, 8010, Graz, Austria.
          [6 ] European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38000, Grenoble, France.
          [7 ] Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
          Article
          10.1002/cphc.201700221
          28295928
          48b1f7ef-0fb1-4cd3-ab5c-e452c43304f3
          History

          cytoskeletal intermediate filaments,microfluidics,small-angle X-ray scattering,vimentin,water-in-oil emulsions

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