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      Are Women More Loyal Customers than Men? Gender Differences in Loyalty to Firms and Individual Service Providers

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          Abstract

          Prevailing wisdom assumes that female consumers are more loyal than male consumers. The authors report conditions under which the reverse is found, depending on the object of customer loyalty. For example, whereas female consumers tend to be more loyal than male consumers to individuals, such as individual service providers, this difference is reversed when the object of loyalty is a group of people. The authors find a similar crossover interaction effect for loyalty to individual employees versus loyalty to companies. This effect is mediated by self-construal in terms of relational versus collective interdependence. The authors discuss the managerial and theoretical implications of these gender differences.

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          The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations.

          In this article, we attempt to distinguish between the properties of moderator and mediator variables at a number of levels. First, we seek to make theorists and researchers aware of the importance of not using the terms moderator and mediator interchangeably by carefully elaborating, both conceptually and strategically, the many ways in which moderators and mediators differ. We then go beyond this largely pedagogical function and delineate the conceptual and strategic implications of making use of such distinctions with regard to a wide range of phenomena, including control and stress, attitudes, and personality traits. We also provide a specific compendium of analytic procedures appropriate for making the most effective use of the moderator and mediator distinction, both separately and in terms of a broader causal system that includes both moderators and mediators.
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            The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation.

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              Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation.

              Psychological Review, 98(2), 224-253
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal of Marketing
                Journal of Marketing
                American Marketing Association (AMA)
                0022-2429
                1547-7185
                July 2009
                July 01 2009
                July 2009
                : 73
                : 4
                : 82-96
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Waikato Management School, University of Waikato
                [2 ]Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University
                [3 ]Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Groningen
                Article
                10.1509/jmkg.73.4.082
                49479aa6-a4af-4e69-89db-03da19d7fefa
                © 2009

                http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license

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