A comparative study of aesthetic perceptions of malocclusion 
among general practice dentists, orthodontists and the public 
using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and the IOTN-AC

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Abstract

Background

Perception of malocclusion varies among individuals and among patients and practitioners. Although several indices that tend to coincide in many aspects and unify criteria, no single index has been recognised as the most suitable for assessing orthodontic treatment need. Moreover, orthodontists are not always aware of the differences in perception of malocclusion between patients and practitioners.

Objetives

To examine the perception of dental anaesthetics amongst dentists, orthodontists and the general population, study the relationship between the perception of dental aesthetics and the severity of the malocclusion, using the visual analogue scale and the IOTN-AC, and investigate relationships among the resulting data.

Study Design

Frontal intraoral photographs of 24 cases were classified by the severity of their malocclusion according to the DAI index. The photographs were examined by 150 individuals (30 orthodontists, 30 general dental practitioners and 90 members of the general population), who assessed them on a visual analogue scale and according to the IOTN-AC.

Results

The orthodontists gave the lowest scores on the visual analogue scale, although the differences between the three groups were not significant. For DAI grades 1, 3 and 4, significant differences were found in the IOTN-AC assessments. Here too, the orthodontist group was the most critical.

Conclusions

In general, in all three groups, both the visual analogue scale and IOTN-AC scores increased or decreased in line with the severity of the malocclusion according to the DAI. However, the correlation between these scores was low. The orthodontists scored the malocclusions more critically than the general dentists or the general population with the IOTN-AC, but this difference was not found with the visual analogue scale.

Key words:IOTN-AC, DAI, malocclusion.

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Most cited references 18

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The development of an index of orthodontic treatment priority.

P Brook, W Shaw (1989)

The aim of this study was to develop a valid and reproducible index of orthodontic treatment priority. After reviewing the available literature, it was felt that this could be best achieved by using two separate components to record firstly the dental health and functional indications for treatment, and secondly the aesthetic impairment caused by the malocclusion. A modification of the index used by the Swedish Dental Health Board was used to record the need for orthodontic treatment on dental health and functional grounds. This index was modified by defining five grades, with precise dividing lines between each grade. An illustrated 10-point scale was used to assess independently the aesthetic treatment need of the patients. This scale was constructed using dental photographs of 12-year-olds collected during a large multi-disciplinary survey. Six non-dental judges rated these photographs on a visual analogue scale, and at equal intervals along the judged range, representative photographs were chosen. To test the index in use, two sample populations were defined; a group of patients referred for treatment, and a random sample of 11-12-year-old schoolchildren. Both samples were examined using the index and satisfactory levels of intra- and inter-examiner agreement were obtained.

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Psychosocial impact of malocclusion in Spanish adolescents

Carlos Bellot-Arcís, José-María Montiel-Company, José-Manuel Almerich-Silla (2013)

Objective To evaluate the psychosocial impact of malocclusion, determine its relationship with the severity of malocclusion, and assess the influence of gender and social class on this relationship in adolescents. Methods A random sample of 627 Spanish adolescents aged 12 - 15 years underwent intraoral examinations by 3 calibrated examiners (intraexaminer and interexaminer kappa > 0.85) at their schools. Psychosocial impact was measured through a self-rated Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ). The severity of malocclusion was measured by the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). Gender and social class were also recorded. Results The total PIDAQ score and those of its 4 subscales, social impact, psychological impact, aesthetic concern, and dental self-confidence, presented significant differences (p ≤ 0.05 by analysis of variance) and linear relationships with the IOTN grades (p ≤ 0.05 by linear regression). Stepwise linear regression models showed that the IOTN dental health component was a predictive variable of the total and subscale PIDAQ scores. Neither gender nor social class was an independent predictive variable of this relationship, except the linear model for psychological impact, where gender was a predictive variable. The occlusal conditions responsible for higher PIDAQ scores were increased overjet, impeded eruption, tooth displacement, and increased overbite. Conclusions Malocclusion has a psychological impact in adolescents and this impact increases with the severity of malocclusion. Social class may not influence this association, but the psychological impact seems to be greater among girls.

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The influence of dentofacial appearance on the social attractiveness of young adults.

D. Jasper G. Rees, C. E. Shaw, M Dawe … (1984)

The purpose of the study was to determine whether the social attractiveness of a young adult would be influenced by his or her dentofacial appearance. Black and white photographs of an attractive male, an unattractive male, an attractive female, and an unattractive female were obtained and modified so that, for each face, five different photographic versions were available. In each version, the face was standardized except that a different dentofacial arrangement was demonstrated. These were normal incisors, prominent incisors, absence of upper left lateral incisor, severely crowded incisors, and unilateral cleft lip. Eight hundred young adults were shown one of the twenty photographs and asked to estimate the represented individual's social characteristics along a number of bipolar scales. Each photograph was viewed by a different group of forty young adults, equally divided as to sex. Their impressions of the depicted individuals' social attractiveness were recorded on visual analogue scales. The experimental procedure was such that the effect and interaction of different levels of facial attractiveness, different dentofacial arrangements, sex of the photographed individual, and sex of the judge could be analyzed. Faces displaying a normal incisor relationship gained the most favorable ratings for eight of the ten characteristics examined, and in four of these differences across the range of dental conditions were statistically significant. These were perceived friendliness, social class, popularity, and intelligence. The prominent incisor condition was rated highest for compliance and honesty, while the condition representing a unilateral cleft consistently attracted low ratings. Background facial attractiveness of either the male or female stimuli was often more assertive than the individual dental condition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Clin Exp Dent

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Clin Exp Dent

Journal ID (publisher-id): Medicina Oral S.L.

Title: Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry

Publisher: Medicina Oral S.L.

ISSN (Electronic): 1989-5488

Publication date (Electronic): 1 December 2016

Publication date Collection: December 2016

Volume: 8

Issue: 5

Pages: e584-e589

Affiliations

[1 ]Orthodontist. Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Spain

[2 ]Lecturer on the Master of Orthodontics course, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Spain

[3 ]Assistant Lecturer, Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Spain

[4 ]Tenured Lecturer, Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Spain

[5 ]Associate lecturer, Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Spain

Author notes

Facultad de Medicina y Odontología Universidad de Valencia C/ Gascó Oliag nº 1, 46010 Valencia, España , E-mail: veronique_hd@ 123456hotmail.com

Conflict of interest statement:The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Article

Publisher ID: 53006

DOI: 10.4317/jced.53006

PMC ID: 5149096

PubMed ID: 27957275

SO-VID: 4a17ba81-97f5-4c98-8b63-fc98b540d169

License:

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

A comparative study of aesthetic perceptions of malocclusion among general practice dentists, orthodontists and the public using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and the IOTN-AC

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Abstract

Background

Objetives

Study Design

Results

Conclusions

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ACS: COVID-19 Coronavirus

Most cited references 18

The development of an index of orthodontic treatment priority.

Psychosocial impact of malocclusion in Spanish adolescents

The influence of dentofacial appearance on the social attractiveness of young adults.

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