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      Nanomechanical mapping helps explain differences in outcomes of eye microsurgery: A comparative study of macular pathologies

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          Abstract

          Many ocular diseases are associated with an alteration of the mechanical and the material properties of the eye. These mechanically-related diseases include macular hole and pucker, two ocular conditions due to the presence of abnormal physical tractions acting on the retina. A complete relief of these tractions can be obtained through a challenging microsurgical procedure, which requires the mechanical peeling of the internal limiting membrane of the retina (ILM). In this paper, we provide the first comparative study of the nanoscale morphological and mechanical properties of the ILM in macular hole and macular pucker. Our nanoscale elastic measurements unveil a different bio-mechanical response of the ILM in the two pathologies, which correlates well to significant differences occurring during microsurgery. The results here presented pave the way to the development of novel dedicated microsurgical protocols based on the material ILM properties in macular hole or pucker. Moreover, they contribute to clarify why, despite a common aetiology, a patient might develop one disease or the other, an issue which is still debated in literature.

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          Most cited references34

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          Balancing forces: architectural control of mechanotransduction.

          All cells exist within the context of a three-dimensional microenvironment in which they are exposed to mechanical and physical cues. These cues can be disrupted through perturbations to mechanotransduction, from the nanoscale-level to the tissue-level, which compromises tensional homeostasis to promote pathologies such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. The mechanisms of such perturbations suggest that a complex interplay exists between the extracellular microenvironment and cellular function. Furthermore, sustained disruptions in tensional homeostasis can be caused by alterations in the extracellular matrix, allowing it to serve as a mechanically based memory-storage device that can perpetuate a disease or restore normal tissue behaviour.
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            Mechanobiology and diseases of mechanotransduction

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              Forcing form and function: biomechanical regulation of tumor evolution.

              Cancer cells exist in a constantly evolving tissue microenvironment of diverse cell types within a proteinaceous extracellular matrix. As tumors evolve, the physical forces within this complex microenvironment change, with pleiotropic effects on both cell- and tissue-level behaviors. Recent work suggests that these biomechanical factors direct tissue development and modulate tissue homeostasis, and, when altered, crucially influence tumor evolution. In this review, we discuss the biomechanical regulation of cell and tissue homeostasis from the molecular, cellular and tissue levels, including how modifications of this physical dialogue could contribute to cancer etiology. Because of the broad impact of biomechanical factors on cell and tissue functions, an understanding of tumor evolution from the biomechanical perspective should improve risk assessment, clinical diagnosis and the efficacy of cancer treatment. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – original draft
                Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: Visualization
                Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Methodology
                Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Investigation
                Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draft
                Role: Investigation
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: Supervision
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Supervision
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Supervision
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – original draft
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                2019
                7 August 2019
                : 14
                : 8
                : e0220571
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
                [2 ] Istituto di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
                [3 ] Istituto di Oftalmologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
                [4 ] Department of Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Eye Clinic, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Bari, Italy
                University of Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3694-8229
                Article
                PONE-D-19-06067
                10.1371/journal.pone.0220571
                6685617
                31390353
                4a91e2ba-38c0-4a65-bd23-8cb1d733ec8d
                © 2019 Ciasca et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 1 March 2019
                : 18 July 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 4, Tables: 1, Pages: 14
                Funding
                The authors received no specific funding for this work.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Research and Analysis Methods
                Microscopy
                Scanning Probe Microscopy
                Atomic Force Microscopy
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Head
                Eyes
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Head
                Eyes
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Ocular System
                Eyes
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Ocular System
                Eyes
                Physical Sciences
                Materials Science
                Material Properties
                Mechanical Properties
                Stiffness
                Physical Sciences
                Materials Science
                Material Properties
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Surgical and Invasive Medical Procedures
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Surgical and Invasive Medical Procedures
                Ophthalmic Procedures
                Macular Hole Surgery
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Surgical and Invasive Medical Procedures
                Ophthalmic Procedures
                Vitrectomy
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Ocular System
                Ocular Anatomy
                Retina
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Ocular System
                Ocular Anatomy
                Retina
                Custom metadata
                Since reported data contain potentially sensitive information, the Ethics Committee of Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS and Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore imposed ethical restrictions. Interested researchers who meet the criteria for access to confidential data can send data requests to the Ethics Committee of Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS at comitato.etico@ 123456policlinicogemelli.it or Tel. 06-30155556 06-30156124.

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                Uncategorized

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