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      Experiencing and designing community-based medicine – development and evaluation of an elective based on explorative learning Translated title: Kiezmedizin erleben und gestalten – Entwicklung und Evaluation eines Wahlpflichtfaches mit dem Ansatz des forschenden Lernens

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          Abstract

          Objective: To develop and evaluate an elective for the 6 th semester in the medical curriculum at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin. In this elective, medical students could experience and test Community Oriented Primary Care, hence the integration of public health into primary care, by using explorative learning methods.

          Method: In three consecutive semester, all participants of the elective filled in a questionnaire before and after the elective. The self-developed questionnaire covered socio-demographic features, an evaluation of the elective as well as a self-assessment regarding learning objectives and attitudes. The results were analyzed descriptively; the learning success was measured by mixed model regression.

          Results: Thirty-one students (100% of the elective participants) took part in the evaluation, 30 of them (96.8%) at both survey dates. The students evaluated the elective and particularly the commitment of the teachers as very positive. The five-level Likert scale showed a significant growth of knowledge by an average of 1.3 points. The attitudes of the students hardly changed.

          Conclusion: Students can experience Public Health practically by means of Community Oriented Primary Care. In doing so, explorative learning is an appropriate method providing a significant increase in competences.

          Zusammenfassung

          Zielsetzung: Ziel war es, ein Wahlpflichtfach für das sechste Semester im Modellstudiengang Medizin an der Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin zu entwickeln und zu evaluieren. In diesem Wahlpflichtfach können Studierende mittels forschenden Lernens Community Oriented Primary Care, also die Integration von Public Health in die hausärztliche Versorgung, kennenlernen und erproben.

          Methodik: In drei konsekutiven Semestern (WS 2016/2017– SS 2018) wurden alle Teilnehmenden des Wahlpflichtfaches zu Beginn und nach Abschluss des Wahlpflichtfaches mittels eines selbstentwickelten Fragebogens befragt. Es wurden soziodemographische Merkmale, die Beurteilung des Wahlpflichtfaches sowie eine Selbsteinschätzung hinsichtlich der Lernziele und thematisch relevanter Einstellungen abgefragt. Die Analyse erfolgte deskriptiv und hinsichtlich des Lernerfolges als Mixed Modell Regression.

          Ergebnisse: Einunddreißig Studierende (100% der Teilnehmer am Wahlpflichtfach) nahmen an der Evaluation teil, davon 30 (96,8%) zu beiden Befragungszeitpunkten. Die Studierenden bewerteten das Wahlpflichtfach insgesamt und insbesondere das Engagement der Dozierenden sehr positiv. Hinsichtlich der Lernziele ergab sich ein deutlicher Wissenszuwachs von durchschnittlich 1,3 Punkten auf einer fünfstufigen Likertskala. Die Einstellungen der Studierenden änderten sich kaum.

          Schlussfolgerung: Public Health kann mittels Community Oriented Primary Care praktisch vermittelt werden. Die Methode des Forschenden Lernens ist gut geeignet und führt zu einem deutlichen Kompetenzgewinn.

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          An interdisciplinary community diagnosis experience in an undergraduate medical curriculum: development at Ghent University.

          Since 2002, the medical curriculum at Ghent University has incorporated a community diagnosis exercise, teaming medical students with master of social work and social welfare studies students. The course focuses on the interaction between the individual and the community in matters of health and health care. During one week, small groups of students visit patients and their caregivers in six underserved urban neighborhoods, and they combine these experiences with public health data, to develop a community diagnosis. Local family physicians and social workers monitor sessions. The course requires students to design an intervention tackling one community health issue. At the end of the course, the students present their diagnoses and interventions to community workers and policy makers who provide feedback on the results. In the authors' experience, medical and social work students all value the joint learning experience. The occasional culture clash is an added value. The one-week course is very intensive for students, mentors, and cooperating organizations. Although students criticize time restraints, they feel that they reach the outlined objectives, and they rate the overall experience as very positive. The authors find that this interdisciplinary, community-oriented exercise allows students to appreciate health problems as they occur in society, giving them insight into the interaction of the local community with health and health care agencies. Combining public health data with experiences originating from a patient encounter mimics real-life primary care situations. This campus-community collaboration contributes to the social accountability of the university.
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            Community oriented primary care: Origins, evolution, applications

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              Integrating Primary Care and Public Health: Learning from the Community-Oriented Primary Care Model

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                GMS J Med Educ
                GMS J Med Educ
                GMS J Med Educ
                GMS Journal for Medical Education
                German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
                2366-5017
                15 November 2019
                2019
                : 36
                : 6
                : Doc74
                Affiliations
                [1 ]FH Münster, Fachbereich Gesundheit, Münster, Germany
                [2 ]Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Allgemeinmedizin, Berlin, Germany
                Author notes
                *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Wolfram J. Herrmann, FH Münster, Fachbereich Gesundheit, Leonardo Campus 8, D-48149 Münster, Germany, Phone: +49 (0)251/83-65900, E-mail: wolfram.herrmann@ 123456fh-muenster.de
                Article
                zma001282 Doc74 urn:nbn:de:0183-zma0012820
                10.3205/zma001282
                6905361
                4adb356d-b1cb-430e-b739-044a11939b47
                Copyright © 2019 Herrmann et al.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. See license information at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 11 December 2018
                : 02 July 2019
                : 30 April 2019
                Categories
                Article

                health education,public health,primary health care,community medicine,teaching,explorative learning

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