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      The use of oxytocin and relaxin in the treatment of refractory chronic pain with mixed characteristics (neuropathic and myofascial pain). Case report Translated title: O uso de oxitocina e relaxina para o tratamento de dor crônica refratária de características mistas (dor neuropática e miofascial). Relato de caso

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Some studies have related the use of synthetic oxytocin for the treatment of painful syndromes that relies on central and peripheral modulation mechanisms of pain. Thus, the objective of this study was to report a case of a patient with a refractory chronic pain of mixed characteristics (myofascial and neuropathic pain) who responded to the treatment with synthetic oxytocin and relaxin. CASE REPORT: Female patient, 41 years old, presenting a 10-year history of right hemifacial pain after dental surgery, with neuropathic characteristics, diagnosed as atypical facial pain (atypical trigeminal neuralgia). Later, she developed pain in the right cervical region, radiating to the shoulder, with several muscle trigger points in the pericranial region, suggestive of myofascial pain. After treatment with antidepressants, neuromodulators, anesthetic blockade, capsaicin and topical lidocaine, with partial results and pain recurrence, she started treatment with intramuscular oxytocin and oral relaxin. Over the year she followed the proposed treatment, she presented light pain, greater pain-free intervals, reduced need of pain blockade, improved tolerance to physical exercise and of the local face allodynia. CONCLUSION: Despite the new drugs, procedures, and protocols to treat chronic pain, the patients often present unsatisfactory outcomes. Many times, there are situations of mixed pain (neuropathic and myofascial pain) with central and peripheral sensitization, resulting in worse prognostic and refractoriness. In this case, synthetic oxytocin and relaxin presented a satisfactory response.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Alguns estudos têm relacionado o uso de oxitocina sintética ao tratamento de síndromes dolorosas que se baseia em mecanismos de modulação central e periférica da dor. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi relatar um caso de uma paciente com dor crônica refratária de características mistas (dor neuropática e miofascial), que apresentou resposta ao tratamento com oxitocina e relaxina sintéticas. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo feminino, 41 anos de idade, iniciou quadro de dor em hemiface direita há 10 anos, após uma cirurgia dentária, de características neuropáticas, diagnosticada como dor facial atípica (trigeminalgia atípica). Posteriormente, desenvolveu dor em região cervical direita, com irradiação para ombro, com múltiplos pontos-gatilho musculares em região pericraniana, sugestiva de dor miofascial. Após tratamento com antidepressivos, neuromoduladores, bloqueios anestésicos, capsaicina e lidocaína tópicas, com resultados parciais e recidiva de dor, foi submetida a tratamento com oxitocina por via intramuscular e relaxina por via oral. Durante um ano em que se submeteu ao tratamento proposto, apresentou dor leve, maiores intervalos livres de dor, diminuição da necessidade de bloqueios de dor, melhora da tolerância ao exercício físico e da alodínea local em face. CONCLUSÃO: Embora se tenha novos fármacos, procedimentos e protocolos de tratamento para dores crônicas, frequentemente os pacientes apresentam resultados insatisfatórios. Muitas vezes, existem quadros de dores mistas (dor neuropática e miofascial) com sensibilização central e periférica, resultando em pior prognóstico e refratariedade. Neste caso, a oxitocina sintética e relaxina apresentaram uma resposta satisfatória.

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          Most cited references22

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          Recommendations for the standardisation of oxytocin nasal administration and guidelines for its reporting in human research.

          A series of studies have reported on the salubrious effects of oxytocin nasal spray on social cognition and behavior in humans, across physiology (e.g., eye gaze, heart rate variability), social cognition (e.g., attention, memory, and appraisal), and behavior (e.g., trust, generosity). Findings suggest the potential of oxytocin nasal spray as a treatment for various psychopathologies, including autism and schizophrenia. There are, however, increasing reports of variability of response to oxytocin nasal spray between experiments and individuals. In this review, we provide a summary of factors that influence transmucosal nasal drug delivery, deposition, and their impact on bioavailability. These include variations in anatomy and resultant airflow dynamic, vascularisation, status of blood vessels, mode of spray application, gallenic formulation (including presence of uptake enhancers, control release formulation), and amount and method of administration. These key variables are generally poorly described and controlled in scientific reports, in spite of their potential to alter the course of treatment outcome studies. Based on this review, it should be of no surprise that differences emerge across individuals and experiments when nasal drug delivery methods are employed. We present recommendations for researchers to use when developing and administering the spray, and guidelines for reporting on peptide nasal spray studies in humans. We hope that these recommendations assist in establishing a scientific standard that can improve the rigor and subsequent reliability of reported effects of oxytocin nasal spray in humans. Crown Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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            The interaction between the oxytocin and pain modulation in headache patients.

            Oxytocin (OXT), a nonapeptide hormone of posterior pituitary, reaches the central nervous system from systemic blood circulation with a difficulty because of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The interest has been expressed in the use of the nasal route for delivery of OXT to the brain directly, exploiting the olfactory pathway. Our previous study has demonstrated that OXT in the central nervous system rather than the blood circulation plays an important role in rat pain modulation. The communication tried to investigate the interaction between the OXT and pain modulation in Chinese patients with headache to understand the OXT effect on human pain modulation. The results showed that (1) intranasal OXT could relieve the human headache in a dose-dependent manner; (2) OXT concentration in both plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) increased significantly in headache patients in relation with the pain level; and (3) there was a positive relationship between plasma and CSF OXT concentration in headache patients. The data suggested that intranasal OXT, which was delivered to the central nervous system through olfactory region, could treat human headache and OXT might be a potential drug of headache relief by intranasal administration. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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              Neurochemical organization of the hypothalamic projection to the spinal cord in the rat.

              The hypothalamus provides a major projection to the spinal cord that innervates primarily lamina I of the dorsal horn and the sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic cell columns. We have examined the chemical organization of the neurons that contribute to this pathway by using combined retrograde transport of fluorescent dyes and immunohistochemistry for 15 different putative neurotransmitters or their synthetic enzymes. Our results demonstrate that 5 cytoarchitectonically distinct cell groups in the hypothalamus contribute to the spinal projection and that each has its own predominant chemical types. In the paraventricular nucleus, substantial numbers of hypothalamo-spinal neurons stain with antisera against arginine vasopressin (25-35%), oxytocin (20-25%), and met-enkephalin (10%). About 25% of the neurons with spinal projections in the retrochiasmatic area stain with an antiserum against alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. Nearly 100% of the hypothalamo-spinal neurons in the tuberal lateral hypothalamic area stain with this same antiserum, but these cells do not stain for other proopiomelanocortin-derived peptides, and so probably contain a cross-reacting peptide. This population must be distinguished from an adjacent cell group, in the perifornical region, where many spinal projection neurons stain with antisera against dynorphin (25%) or atrial natriuretic peptide (20%). Finally, in the dorsal hypothalamic area as many as 55-75% of the neurons with spinal projections are dopaminergic, on the basis of their staining with an antiserum against tyrosine hydroxylase. These 5 neurochemically distinct projections from the hypothalamus to the spinal cord are discussed in the context of their possible functional significance.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rdor
                Revista Dor
                Rev. dor
                Sociedade Brasileira para o Estudo da Dor (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                1806-0013
                2317-6393
                December 2017
                : 18
                : 4
                : 362-364
                Affiliations
                [1] Ribeirão Preto São Paulo orgnameCentro Universitário Barão de Mauá orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina Brazil
                Article
                S1806-00132017000400362
                10.5935/1806-0013.20170130
                4b36335f-ec09-41bf-bb45-9baf0c324e32

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 29 October 2017
                : 04 May 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 23, Pages: 3
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                Dor crônica,Relaxina,Oxitocina,Chronic pain,Oxytocin,Relaxin
                Dor crônica, Relaxina, Oxitocina, Chronic pain, Oxytocin, Relaxin

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