Antibiotic resistance pattern of 
      <i>Bacteroides fragilis</i> isolated from clinical and colorectal specimens

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Abstract

Background

Bacteroides fragilis is a part of the normal gastrointestinal flora, but it is also the most common anaerobic bacteria causing the infection. It is highly resistant to antibiotics and contains abundant antibiotic resistance mechanisms.

Methods

The antibiotic resistance pattern of 78 isolates of B. fragilis (22 strains from clinical samples and 56 strains from the colorectal tissue) was investigated using agar dilution method. The gene encoding Bacteroides fargilis toxin bft, and antibiotic resistance genes were targeted by PCR assay.

Results

The highest rate of resistance was observed for penicillin G (100%) followed by tetracycline (74.4%), clindamycin (41%) and cefoxitin (38.5%). Only a single isolate showed resistance to imipenem which contained cfiA and IS1186 genes. All isolates were susceptible to metronidazole. Accordingly, tetQ (87.2%), cepA (73.1%) and ermF (64.1%) were the most abundant antibiotic-resistant genes identified in this study. MIC values for penicillin, cefoxitin and clindamycin were significantly different among isolates with the cepA, cfxA and ermF in compare with those lacking such genes. In addition, 22.7 and 17.8% of clinical and GIT isolates had the bft gene, respectively.

Conclusions

The finding of this study shows that metronidazole is highly in vitro active agent against all of B. fragilis isolates and remain the first-line antimicrobial for empirical therapy.

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Most cited references 52

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Bacteroides: the good, the bad, and the nitty-gritty.

Hannah M Wexler (2007)

Bacteroides species are significant clinical pathogens and are found in most anaerobic infections, with an associated mortality of more than 19%. The bacteria maintain a complex and generally beneficial relationship with the host when retained in the gut, but when they escape this environment they can cause significant pathology, including bacteremia and abscess formation in multiple body sites. Genomic and proteomic analyses have vastly added to our understanding of the manner in which Bacteroides species adapt to, and thrive in, the human gut. A few examples are (i) complex systems to sense and adapt to nutrient availability, (ii) multiple pump systems to expel toxic substances, and (iii) the ability to influence the host immune system so that it controls other (competing) pathogens. B. fragilis, which accounts for only 0.5% of the human colonic flora, is the most commonly isolated anaerobic pathogen due, in part, to its potent virulence factors. Species of the genus Bacteroides have the most antibiotic resistance mechanisms and the highest resistance rates of all anaerobic pathogens. Clinically, Bacteroides species have exhibited increasing resistance to many antibiotics, including cefoxitin, clindamycin, metronidazole, carbapenems, and fluoroquinolones (e.g., gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin).

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Human intestinal bacteria as reservoirs for antibiotic resistance genes.

Abigail Salyers, Anamika Gupta, Yanping Wang (2004)

Human intestinal bacteria have many roles in human health, most of which are beneficial or neutral for the host. In this review, we explore a more sinister side of intestinal bacteria; their role as traffickers in antibiotic resistance genes. Evidence is accumulating to support the hypothesis that intestinal bacteria not only exchange resistance genes among themselves but might also interact with bacteria that are passing through the colon, causing these bacteria to acquire and transmit antibiotic resistance genes.

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Development of 16S rRNA-gene-targeted group-specific primers for the detection and identification of predominant bacteria in human feces.

Takahiro Matsuki, Yukiko Miyamoto, Koichi Watanabe … (2002)

For the detection and identification of predominant bacteria in human feces, 16S rRNA-gene-targeted group-specific primers for the Bacteroides fragilis group, Bifidobacterium, the Clostridium coccoides group, and Prevotella were designed and evaluated. The specificity of these primers was confirmed by using DNA extracted from 90 species that are commonly found in the human intestinal microflora. The group-specific primers were then used for identification of 300 isolates from feces of six healthy volunteers. The isolates were clearly identified as 117 isolates of the B. fragilis group, 22 isolates of Bifidobacterium, 65 isolates of the C. coccoides group, and 17 isolates of Prevotella, indicating that 74% of the isolates were identified with the four pairs of primers. The remaining 79 isolates were identified by 16S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis and consisted of 40 isolates of Collinsella, 24 isolates of the Clostridium leptum subgroup, and 15 isolates of disparate clusters. In addition, qualitative detection of these bacterial groups was accomplished without cultivation by using DNA extracted from the fecal samples. The goal for this specific PCR technique is to develop a procedure for quantitative detection of these bacterial groups, and a real-time quantitative PCR for detection of Bifidobacterium is now being investigated (T. Requena, J. Burton, T. Matsuki, K. Munro, M. A. Simon, R. Tanaka, K. Watanabe, and G. W. Tannock, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68:2420-2427, 2002). Therefore, the approaches used to detect and identify predominant bacteria with the group-specific primers described here should contribute to future studies of the composition and dynamics of the intestinal microflora.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Mohammad Mehdi Feizabadi: mfeizabadi@tums.ac.ir

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob

Title: Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1476-0711

Publication date (Electronic): 23 April 2021

Publication date PMC-release: 23 April 2021

Publication date Collection: 2021

Volume: 20

Electronic Location Identifier: 27

Affiliations

[1 ]GRID grid.411705.6, ISNI 0000 0001 0166 0922, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, , Tehran University of Medical Sciences, ; Poursina Street, Engelab-e-Eslami Avenue, Tehran, Iran

[2 ]GRID grid.414574.7, ISNI 0000 0004 0369 3463, Department of Infectious Diseases, , Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, ; Tehran, Iran

[3 ]GRID grid.414574.7, ISNI 0000 0004 0369 3463, Department of Surgery, , Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, ; Tehran, Iran

[4 ]GRID grid.11450.31, ISNI 0000 0001 2097 9138, Department of Biomedical Sciences, , University of Sassari, ; Sassari, Italy

[5 ]GRID grid.1004.5, ISNI 0000 0001 2158 5405, Surgical Infection Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, , Macquarie University, ; Sydney, Australia

Article

Publisher ID: 435

DOI: 10.1186/s12941-021-00435-w

PMC ID: 8066845

PubMed ID: 33892721

SO-VID: 4c21c556-7e70-4f91-a04e-060d9584b1e0

License:

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

History

Date received : 22 February 2021

Date accepted : 16 April 2021

Funding

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100012155, National Institute for Medical Research Development;

Award ID: (NO. 971329).

Custom metadata

ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology

Keywords: bacteroides fragilis,antibiotic resistance,resistance gene,bft gene

Data availability:

ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology

Keywords: bacteroides fragilis, antibiotic resistance, resistance gene, bft gene

Antibiotic resistance pattern of Bacteroides fragilis isolated from clinical and colorectal specimens

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Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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Microbiology Independent Research Journal (MIR Journal)

Most cited references 52

Bacteroides: the good, the bad, and the nitty-gritty.

Human intestinal bacteria as reservoirs for antibiotic resistance genes.

Development of 16S rRNA-gene-targeted group-specific primers for the detection and identification of predominant bacteria in human feces.

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