The Genetics of Sex: Exploring Differences

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Abstract

In this commentary, Michelle Arbeitman et al., examine the topic of the Genetics of Sex as explored in this month's issues of GENETICS and G3: Genes | Genomes | Genetics. These inaugural articles are part of a joint Genetics of Sex collection (ongoing) in the GSA journals.

Most cited references 7

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The evolution of plant sexual diversity.

Spencer Barrett (2002)

Charles Darwin recognized that flowering plants have an unrivalled diversity of sexual systems. Determining the ecological and genetic factors that govern sexual diversification in plants is today a central problem in evolutionary biology. The integration of phylogenetic, ecological and population-genetic studies have provided new insights into the selective mechanisms that are responsible for major evolutionary transitions between reproductive modes.

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Vive la différence: males vs females in flies vs worms.

Bernd Meyer, Hollis T. Cline (1995)

For 600 million years, the two best-understood metazoan species, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, have developed independent strategies for solving a biological problem faced by essentially all metazoans: how to generate two sexes in the proper proportions. The genetic program for sexual dimorphism has been a major focus of research in these two organisms almost from the moment they were chosen for study, and it may now be the best-understood general aspect of their development. In this review, we compare and contrast the strategies used for sex determination (including dosage compensation) between "the fly" and "the worm" and the way this understanding has come about. Although no overlap has been found among the molecules used by flies and worms to achieve sex determination, striking similarities have been found in the genetic strategies used by these two species to differentiate their sexes.

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Sex in fungi.

Joseph Heitman, Xuying Wang, Sheng Sun … (2010)

Sexual reproduction enables genetic exchange in eukaryotic organisms as diverse as fungi, animals, plants, and ciliates. Given its ubiquity, sex is thought to have evolved once, possibly concomitant with or shortly after the origin of eukaryotic organisms themselves. The basic principles of sex are conserved, including ploidy changes, the formation of gametes via meiosis, mate recognition, and cell-cell fusion leading to the production of a zygote. Although the basic tenants are shared, sex determination and sexual reproduction occur in myriad forms throughout nature, including outbreeding systems with more than two mating types or sexes, unisexual selfing, and even examples in which organisms switch mating type. As robust and diverse genetic models, fungi provide insights into the molecular nature of sex, sexual specification, and evolution to advance our understanding of sexual reproduction and its impact throughout the eukaryotic tree of life.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): G3 (Bethesda)

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Genetics

Journal ID (hwp): G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics

Journal ID (pmc): G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics

Journal ID (publisher-id): G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics

Title: G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics

Publisher: Genetics Society of America

ISSN (Electronic): 2160-1836

Publication date (Electronic): 1 June 2014

Publication date Collection: June 2014

Volume: 4

Issue: 6

Pages: 979-981

Affiliations

[* ]Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306

[† ]Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, California 95616

[‡ ]Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003

[§ ]Biology Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218

Author notes

[1 ]Corresponding author: College of Medicine, Florida State University, 1115 W. Call St., Tallahassee, FL 32306. E-mail: michelle.arbeitman@ 123456med.fsu.edu

Article

Publisher ID: GGG_011692

DOI: 10.1534/g3.114.011692

PMC ID: 4065266

PubMed ID: 24939183

SO-VID: 4dbbbebe-b23b-4654-b8cf-3da4ba09380c

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Pages: 3

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Genetics

Keywords: genetics of sex,sex determination,sex chromosome,meiosis,gametogenesis,sex,mating type

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Genetics

Keywords: genetics of sex, sex determination, sex chromosome, meiosis, gametogenesis, sex, mating type

The Genetics of Sex: Exploring Differences

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Abstract

Most cited references 7

The evolution of plant sexual diversity.

Vive la différence: males vs females in flies vs worms.

Sex in fungi.

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