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      EVALUATION OF GLASS IONOMER SEALANTS PLACED ACCORDING TO THE ART APPROACH IN A COMMUNITY WITH HIGH CARIES EXPERIENCE: 1-YEAR FOLLOW-UP Translated title: AVALIAÇÃO DE SELANTES IONOMÉRICOS REALIZADOS PELA TÉCNICA DO ART EM COMUNIDADE COM ALTA EXPERIÊNCIA DE CÁRIE: 1 ANO DE ACOMPANHAMENTO

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          Abstract

          The aim of this study was to investigate the retention rates and effect on occlusal caries incidence of two glass ionomers used as sealants, placed according to the Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) approach, in a high caries-risk community. A total of 150 newly erupted first molars of 42 schoolchildren, between 6-8 years of age were selected. The teeth were divided into two groups: experimental and control groups. In the experimental group, 76 teeth were sealed using Vidrion R-SS White (conventional GIC) and in the control group, 74 teeth were sealed using ChemFlex–Dentsply (high-viscosity conventional GIC). The sealants were applied by one operator following the "press finger technique", described in the ART-WHO manual. Two calibrated independent examiners carried out the evaluation according to the ART criteria. The intra and inter-examiner agreements were 0.84 and 0.81, respectively. Data were submitted to Mann-Whitney and Chi-square tests (p<0.05). At the 1-year follow-up, 136 (90.7%) sealants were evaluated. In the control group: 28 (41.8%) of the sealants were partially or completely retained, 38 (56.7%) completely lost, and 1 (1.5%) was replaced by another treatment. In the experimental group, 30 (43.5%) of the sealants were partially or completely retained, 38 (55.1%) were clinically scored as complete loss and 1 (1.4%) were replaced by another treatment. Seven sealants in both groups were not evaluated. Secondary caries was not observed in both groups. There was no statistically significant difference between the retention (p=0.49) and effect on caries incidence rates for both groups (p=0.84). The clinical performance of the glass ionomer sealants of both groups was considered satisfactory with a high success rate (98.5%). Although the sealants placed according to the ART approach showed retention rates lower than 50% after 1 year in newly erupted first molars, this approach seems to be appropriate for communities with high caries experience.

          Translated abstract

          Objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o índice de retenção e o efeito na incidência de cárie oclusal de dois selantes ionoméricos realizados pela técnica do Tratamento Restaurador Atraumático (ART) em comunidades com alto índice de cárie. Foram selecionados 150 primeiros molares recémerupcionados de 42 escolares, entre 6-8 anos de idade. Os dentes foram divididos em dois grupos: experimental e controle. No grupo experimental 76 dentes foram selados com Vidrion R-SSWhite (CIV-convencional) e no grupo controle, 74 dentes foram selados com ChemFlex–Dentsply (CIV-alta viscosidade). Os selantes foram realizados por apenas um operador pela técnica da "pressão digital", descrita no manual de ART da OMS. Dois avaliadores independentes e calibrados segundo os critérios do ART realizaram a avaliação. A concordância intra e inter-examinadores foi de 0,84 e 0,81, respectivamente. Os resultados foram submetidos aos testes Mann-Whitney e Q-quadrado (p<0,05). Após um ano, 136 (90,7%) selante foram avaliados. No grupo controle, 28 (41,8%) selantes estavam parcial ou completamente retidos, 38 (56,7%) completamente perdidos, 1 (1,5%) foi substituído por outro tratamento. No grupo experimental, 30 (43,5%) selantes estavam parcial ou completamente retidos, 38 (55,1%) foram classificados como completamente perdidos e 1(1,4%) foi substituído por outro tratamento. Sete selantes em ambos os grupos não foram avaliados. A presença de lesão cariosa secundária não foi observada em nenhum dos grupos. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre a retenção (p=0,49) e efeito na incidência de cárie (p=0,84) entre os dois grupos. A performance clínica dos selantes ionoméricos foi considerada satisfatória com um alto índice de sucesso (98,5%). Embora os selantes aplicados de acordo com a técnica ART tenham mostrado índices de retenção abaixo de 50% depois de um ano nos primeiros molares recém-erupcionados, este método mostrou-se apropriado para comunidades com alta experiência de cárie.

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          ART restorations and glass ionomer sealants in Zimbabwe: survival after 3 years.

          Atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) consists of removing demineralised tooth tissues with hand instruments only, restoring the prepared cavity and sealing the adjacent pits and fissures with an adhesive filling material. This relatively painless, no-handpiece, minimal intervention approach to controlling dental caries is described. ART was applied in an oral health care programme in Zimbabwe that was carried out amongst secondary school students from 1994 to 1997. A new glass ionomer (Fuji IX) was used as the restorative and sealant material. Sealants were placed in high caries risk students using the 'press-finger' technique. A total of 297 one-surface ART restorations and 95 glass ionomer sealants were placed in 142 and 66 students, respectively. After 3 years, the lost-to-follow-up percentages for one-surface ART restorations and glass ionomer sealants were 30.6% and 30.5%, respectively. Actuarial (life table) analysis resulted in 3-year survival rates of one-surface ART restorations of 88.3% (95% CI: 92.4%-84.2%), ranging from 94.3% to 65.4% per operator. A total of 28 ART restorations placed in 25 students failed. Reasons for failure related to the material and the operator (11 restorations or 5.3% each), and to caries adjacent to the restoration (one restoration or 0.5%). Reasons for failure were not recorded for five restorations (2.3%). Sealants were placed on surfaces diagnosed as early enamel lesions. After 3 years, 71.4% (95% CI: 81.7%-61.1%) of the fully and partially retained sealants survived with a range of 100% to 55.6% per operator. Of the sealed surfaces 96.3% (95% CI: 100%-92.2%) survived 3 years without developing caries. Experienced operators placed better ART restorations than inexperienced operators. This study has demonstrated that ART with a glass ionomer restorative material and sealants provided high quality preventive and restorative dental care to this student population. ART has become one of the treatment modalities available to oral health workers in managing dental caries.
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            ART restorations and sealants placed in Chinese school children--results after three years.

            These were to assess whether ART restorations and sealants could be provided to children in a school environment in China, to assess patient acceptability of the ART approach, and to evaluate on a longitudinal basis the treatments performed. This study was conducted in Deyang, Sichuan Province, in western China. A total of 294 ART restorations were placed in 197 children and 191 fissure sealants were placed in 140 children by five middle-level dentists in four secondary schools. Standard instruments and procedures for ART were used. The restorative material used was a high-strength glass-ionomer (Ketac-Molar, ESPE). The treatments were evaluated annually after placement by the same examiner who had not been involved in the placement of the restorations nor sealants using explorers and mouth-mirrors. At the 3-year examination an independent external examiner evaluated the restorations using USPHS criteria. Most of the children did not report discomfort during treatment and 92% were willing to receive ART restorations again. The cumulative 1-year and 3-year survival rates of small Class I restorations were 99% and 92% respectively. The corresponding figures for large Class I restorations were 90% and 77%. After 3 years, 72% of the sealants were either partially or completely retained. Only 2% of the sealed teeth developed fissure caries and these involved teeth where the sealants had been lost. Similar success rates were found using USPHS criteria. The ART approach for preventing and treating tooth decay in Chinese school children was shown to be appropriate, effective and acceptable. The 3-year survival rates of the restorations were high but were related to the size and type of the restoration.
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              Caries-preventive effect of a one-time application of composite resin and glass ionomer sealants after 5 years.

              The aim of the present trial was to (1) compare the caries-preventive effect of glass ionomer sealants, placed according to the atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) procedure, with composite resin sealants over time and (2) investigate the caries-preventive effect after complete disappearance of sealant material. Forty-six boys and 57 girls, mean age 7.8 years, were randomly divided into two treatment groups in a parallel-group study design. A light-polymerized composite resin sealant material and a high-viscosity glass ionomer were each placed in 180 fully erupted first molars in their respective treatment groups. Evaluation took place annually for 5 years by calibrated examiners. After 5 years, 86% composite resin and 88% glass ionomer sealants did not survive. Three categories of re-exposure periods for caries development in pits and fissures after complete loss of sealants were distinguished: 0-1, 1-2 and 2-3 years. In the 2- to 3-year group, 13 and 3% of pits and fissures previously sealed with composite resin and glass ionomer, respectively, were diagnosed as having developed a dentine lesion. The relative risks (95% CI) of dentine lesion development in surfaces sealed with glass ionomer compared to those sealed with composite resin after 3, 4 and 5 years were 0.22 (0.06-0.82), 0.32 (0.14-0.73) and 0.28 (0.13-0.61), respectively. The relative risks of dentine lesion development in pits and fissures previously sealed with glass ionomer compared with composite resin over re-exposure periods of 1-2 and 2-3 years were 0.26 (0.14-0.48) and 0.25 (0.09-0.68), respectively. We conclude that the caries-preventive effect of high-viscosity glass ionomer sealants, placed using the ART procedure, was between 3.1 and 4.5 times higher than that of composite resin sealants after 3-5 years. Furthermore, high-viscosity (ART) glass ionomer sealants appear to have a four times higher chance of preventing caries development in re-exposed pits and fissures of occlusal surfaces in first molars than light-cured composite resin sealant material over a 1- to 3-year period. A well-designed clinical trial using different types of oral health personnel should be implemented to confirm these initial results.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                J Appl Oral Sci
                J Appl Oral Sci
                Journal of Applied Oral Science
                Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru da Universidade de São Paulo (Bauru )
                1678-7757
                1678-7765
                August 2006
                August 2006
                : 14
                : 4
                : 270-275
                Affiliations
                [1 ]DDS, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Paulista University –UNIP, Brazil
                [2 ]DDS, MSc, Graduate student (Doctor degree), Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
                [3 ]DDS, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
                [4 ]DDS, MSc, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
                [5 ]DDS, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
                Author notes
                Corresponding address: Profa. Dra. Maria Fidela de Lima Navarro - Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Al Dr Otávio Pinheiro Brisola 9-75 - Bauru - São Paulo-Brazil - Cep: 17012-101 Tel. 55 14 3234-7688 - FAX: 55 14 3223 4679 - e-mail: mflnavar@ 123456usp.br
                Article
                S1678-77572006000400011
                10.1590/S1678-77572006000400011
                4327485
                19089275
                4e8d2def-045f-4305-8df5-1b50c6108f43

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 30 August 2005
                : 02 February 2006
                : 14 June 2006
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 3, Equations: 0, References: 24, Pages: 6
                Categories
                Original Article

                pit and fissure sealants,sealants, clinical trials,glass ionomer cements,art,atraumatic restorative treatment

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