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      Efficacy of mupirocin, neomycin and octenidine for nasal Staphylococcus aureus decolonisation: a retrospective cohort study

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          Abstract

          Background

          Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) causes significant morbidity. Methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) is the most frequent organism, and the majority are endogenous. Decolonisation reduces PJIs but there is a paucity of evidence comparing treatments. Aims; compare 3 nasal decolonisation treatments at (1) achieving MSSA decolonisation, (2) preventing PJI.

          Methods

          Our hospital prospectively collected data on our MSSA decolonisation programme since 2013, including; all MSSA carriers, treatment received, MSSA status at time of surgery and all PJIs. Prior to 2017 MSSA carriers received nasal mupirocin or neomycin, from August 2017 until August 2019 nasal octenidine was used.

          Results

          During the study period 15,958 primary hip and knee replacements were performed. 3200 (20.1%) were MSSA positive at preoperative screening and received decolonisation treatment, 698 mupirocin, 1210 neomycin and 1221 octenidine. Mupirocin (89.1%) and neomycin (90.9%) were more effective at decolonisation than octenidine (50.0%, P < 0.0001). There was no difference in PJI rates ( P = 0.452).

          Conclusions

          Mupirocin and neomycin are more effective than octenidine at MSSA decolonisation. There was poor correlation between the MSSA status after treatment (on day of surgery) and PJI rates. Further research is needed to compare alternative MSSA decolonisation treatments.

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          Most cited references34

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          The operation of the century: total hip replacement.

          Ian Learmonth, Claire Young, Cecil Rorabeck (2007)
          In the 1960s, total hip replacement revolutionised management of elderly patients crippled with arthritis, with very good long-term results. Today, young patients present for hip-replacement surgery hoping to restore their quality of life, which typically includes physically demanding activities. Advances in bioengineering technology have driven development of hip prostheses. Both cemented and uncemented hips can provide durable fixation. Better materials and design have allowed use of large-bore bearings, which provide an increased range of motion with enhanced stability and very low wear. Minimally invasive surgery limits soft-tissue damage and facilitates accelerated discharge and rehabilitation. Short-term objectives must not compromise long-term performance. Computer-assisted surgery will contribute to reproducible and accurate placement of implants. Universal economic constraints in healthcare services dictate that further developments in total hip replacement will be governed by their cost-effectiveness.
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            Prosthetic joint infection.

            Aaron J. Tande, Robin Patel (2014)
            Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a tremendous burden for individual patients as well as the global health care industry. While a small minority of joint arthroplasties will become infected, appropriate recognition and management are critical to preserve or restore adequate function and prevent excess morbidity. In this review, we describe the reported risk factors for and clinical manifestations of PJI. We discuss the pathogenesis of PJI and the numerous microorganisms that can cause this devastating infection. The recently proposed consensus definitions of PJI and approaches to accurate diagnosis are reviewed in detail. An overview of the treatment and prevention of this challenging condition is provided.
            Article 0 comments Cited 362 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Preventing surgical-site infections in nasal carriers of Staphylococcus aureus.

              Lonneke G M Bode, Jan Kluytmans, Heiman Wertheim … (2010)
              Nasal carriers of Staphylococcus aureus are at increased risk for health care-associated infections with this organism. Decolonization of nasal and extranasal sites on hospital admission may reduce this risk. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial, we assessed whether rapid identification of S. aureus nasal carriers by means of a real-time polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) assay, followed by treatment with mupirocin nasal ointment and chlorhexidine soap, reduces the risk of hospital-associated S. aureus infection. From October 2005 through June 2007, a total of 6771 patients were screened on admission. A total of 1270 nasal swabs from 1251 patients were positive for S. aureus. We enrolled 917 of these patients in the intention-to-treat analysis, of whom 808 (88.1%) underwent a surgical procedure. All the S. aureus strains identified on PCR assay were susceptible to methicillin and mupirocin. The rate of S. aureus infection was 3.4% (17 of 504 patients) in the mupirocin-chlorhexidine group, as compared with 7.7% (32 of 413 patients) in the placebo group (relative risk of infection, 0.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.23 to 0.75). The effect of mupirocin-chlorhexidine treatment was most pronounced for deep surgical-site infections (relative risk, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.62). There was no significant difference in all-cause in-hospital mortality between the two groups. The time to the onset of nosocomial infection was shorter in the placebo group than in the mupirocin-chlorhexidine group (P=0.005). The number of surgical-site S. aureus infections acquired in the hospital can be reduced by rapid screening and decolonizing of nasal carriers of S. aureus on admission. (Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN56186788.) 2010 Massachusetts Medical Society
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                J. Allport:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1352-5896
                j.allport@nhs.net
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Antimicrob Resist Infect Control
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Antimicrob Resist Infect Control
                Title: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control
                Publisher: BioMed Central (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2047-2994
                Publication date (Electronic): 10 January 2022
                Publication date PMC-release: 10 January 2022
                Publication date Collection: 2022
                Volume: 11
                Electronic Location Identifier: 5
                Affiliations
                GRID grid.439395.1, ISNI 0000 0004 0399 6130, Northumbria Healthcare NHS Trust, Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, , Wansbeck General Hospital, ; Woodhorn Lane, Ashington, NE63 9JJ UK
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1352-5896
                Article
                Publisher ID: 1043
                DOI: 10.1186/s13756-021-01043-1
                PMC ID: 8744346
                PubMed ID: 35012641
                SO-VID: 4eb2bc7b-8a40-48ca-9303-4aeed3ac4be7
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2021
                License:

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

                History
                Date received : 25 August 2021
                Date accepted : 14 December 2021
                Categories
                Subject: Research
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2022

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: methicillin sensitive staphylococcus aureus,surgical site infection,periprosthetic joint infection,mssa,decolonisation
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: methicillin sensitive staphylococcus aureus, surgical site infection, periprosthetic joint infection, mssa, decolonisation

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