Primer registro del género Clunio (Diptera: Chironomidae) asociado a las comunidades coralinas de islas Marietas, México

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Abstract

Los quironómidos son dípteros comunes en los ecosistemas acuáticos, importantes consumidores de materia orgánica particulada y parte de la dieta de peces, insectos y aves. La mayoría de sus larvas son dulceacuícolas, pero el género Clunio es exclusivamente marino y frecuentemente, asociado a costas rocosas y sustratos duros. Durante el periodo de marzo del 2011 a febrero del 2012, se realizaron 6 muestreos bimensuales en la comunidad coralina del Parque Nacional Islas Marietas; para tal efecto, se utilizó esqueleto calcáreo como sustrato de reclutamiento. Se encontraron 89 larvas y 1 imago farado del género Clunio. Las larvas presentaron una densidad promedio anual de 0.015 ind·cm-2, con una máxima de 0.033 ind·cm-2 durante el inicio de la temporada cálida. De manera simultánea, se caracterizó el microsustrato adherido al esqueleto de coral, sin embargo, no se encontró relación entre el tipo de sustrato y la densidad de larvas (R= 0.61, p= 0.197). Este estudio constituye el primer registro de Clunio y de sus cambios anuales de abundancia para el Pacífico mexicano.

Translated abstract

Chironomids are common dipterans found in aquatic ecosystems. These organisms are ecologically important as consumers of particulate organic matter and they are consumed by fish, insects and birds. Most of the larvae are from fresh-water, but Clunio is exclusively marine and frequently associated with rocky shores and hard substrates. Six bimonthly samplings were conducted at Islas Marietas National Park during March 2011 to February 2012, using calcareous skeleton as a recruitment substrate. We found 89 larvae and 1 imago of the genus Clunio. The larvae showed a mean density of 0.015 ind·cm-2, with a maximum value of 0.033 ind·cm-2 during June-July, coinciding with the period with the highest sea surface temperature registered. Simultaneously, the micro-substrate adhered to the coral skeleton was identified and quantified; however, no relationship between the type of substrate and larval density was found (R= 0.61, p= 0.197). This study is the first record of Clunio, as well as the annual changes in abundance at the Mexican Pacific.

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Most cited references 60

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Local adaptation in marine invertebrates.

Eric Sanford, Morgan Kelly (2011)

Local adaptation in the sea was regarded historically as a rare phenomenon that was limited to a handful of species with exceptionally low dispersal potential. However, a growing body of experimental studies indicates that adaptive differentiation occurs in numerous marine invertebrates in response to selection imposed by strong gradients (and more complex mosaics) of abiotic and biotic conditions. Moreover, a surprisingly high proportion of the marine invertebrates known or suspected of exhibiting local adaptation are species with planktonic dispersal. Adaptive divergence among populations can occur over a range of spatial scales, including those that are fine-grained (i.e., meters to kilometers), reflecting a balance between scales of gene flow and selection. Addressing the causes and consequences of adaptive genetic differentiation among invertebrate populations promises to advance community ecology, climate change research, and the effective management of marine ecosystems.