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      Mortality Rate Patterns for Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Caused by Puumala Virus

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          Abstract

          To investigate nephropathia epidemica in Sweden during 1997–2007, we determined case-fatality rates for 5,282 patients with this disease. Overall, 0.4% died of acute nephropathia epidemica <3 months after diagnosis. Case-fatality rates increased with age. Only women showed an increased case-fatality rate during the first year after diagnosis.

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          The X-files in immunity: sex-based differences predispose immune responses

          Eleanor N. Fish (2008)
          Sex-based differences in immune responses can influence the susceptibility to autoimmune and infectious diseases and the efficacy of therapeutic drugs. In this Perspective, Eleanor Fish discusses factors, such as X-linked genes, hormones and societal context, that underlie disparate immune responses in men and women.
          Article 0 comments Cited 367 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Hantaviruses: a global disease problem.

            C Schmaljohn, B Hjelle (1997)
            Hantaviruses are carried by numerous rodent species throughout the world. In 1993, a previously unknown group of hantaviruses emerged in the United States as the cause of an acute respiratory disease now termed hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). Before than, hantaviruses were known as the etiologic agents of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, a disease that occurs almost entirely in the Eastern Hemisphere. Since the discovery of the HPS-causing hantaviruses, intense investigation of the ecology and epidemiology of hantaviruses has led to the discovery of many other novel hantaviruses. Their ubiquity and potential for causing severe human illness make these viruses an important public health concern; we reviewed the distribution, ecology, disease potential, and genetic spectrum.
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              Hantavirus infections in Europe.

              Olli Vapalahti, Jukka Mustonen, Åke Lundkvist … (2003)
              Hantaviruses are enveloped RNA viruses each carried by a specific rodent species. Three hantaviruses, Puumala, Dobrava, and Saaremaa viruses, are known to cause haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. In Europe. Puumala causes a generally mild disease, nephropathia epidemica, which presents most commonly with fever, headache, gastrointestinal symptoms, impaired renal function, and blurred vision, whereas Dobrava infections often also have haemorrhagic complications. There are few available data about the clinical picture of confirmed Saaremaa infections, but epidemiological evidence suggests that it is less pathogenic than Dobrava, and that Saaremaa infections are more similar to nephropathia epidemica caused by Puumala. Along with its rodent host, the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus), Puumala is reported throughout most of Europe (excluding the Mediterranean region), whereas Dobrava, carried by the yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis), and Saaremaa, carried by the striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius), are reported mainly in eastern and central Europe. The diagnosis of acute hantavirus infection is based on the detection of virus-specific IgM. Whereas Puumala is distinct, Dobrava and Saaremaa are genetically and antigenically very closely related and were previously thought to be variants of the same virus. Typing of a specific hantavirus infection requires neutralisation antibody assays or reverse transcriptase PCR and sequencing.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Emerg Infect Dis
                Journal ID (publisher-id): EID
                Title: Emerging Infectious Diseases
                Publisher: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
                ISSN (Print): 1080-6040
                ISSN (Electronic): 1080-6059
                Publication date (Print): October 2010
                Volume: 16
                Issue: 10
                Pages: 1584-1586
                Affiliations
                [1]Author affiliations: Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Solna, Sweden (M. Hjertqvist, J. Klingström);
                [2]The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA (S.L. Klein);
                [3]Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (C. Ahlm, J. Klingström);
                [4]Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (J. Klingström)
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Jonas Klingström, Centre for Microbiological Preparedness, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, SE-171 82 Solna, Sweden; email: jonas.klingstrom@ 123456smi.se
                Article
                Publisher ID: 10-0242
                DOI: 10.3201/eid1610.100242
                PMC ID: 3294390
                PubMed ID: 20875284
                SO-VID: 4f773ba7-45d5-4224-9ca6-2668f3bcc35d
                History
                Categories
                Subject: Dispatch

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: age,dispatch,hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome,hantavirus,sweden,sex,viruses,case-fatality rate,nephropathia epidemica,puumala virus
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: age, dispatch, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, hantavirus, sweden, sex, viruses, case-fatality rate, nephropathia epidemica, puumala virus

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