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      Is Open Access

      Association of serum antibodies against the Mycobacterium avium complex and hemoptysis: a cross-sectional study

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          Abstract

          Background

          Hemoptysis is very common and can be life threatening in clinical practice for nontuberculous mycobacteria. The serum antibody against the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC-Ab), the majority of nontuberculous mycobacteria species, is well known to reflect the activity of MAC lung disease; however, there is no study investigating the association between the MAC-Ab and hemoptysis in MAC patients. Therefore, we assessed whether the MAC-Ab is a good biomarker for hemoptysis among subjects with MAC lung disease.

          Methods

          This study was conducted as a five-year retrospective survey at the National Hospital Organization Fukuoka National Hospital. A total of 155 patients aged ≥20 years with MAC lung disease were enrolled and separated into seropositive and seronegative groups using the cutoff for MAC-Ab levels of 0.7 U/ml. The prevalence of hemoptysis and odds ratios for the presence of hemoptysis were estimated and compared between the groups. To investigate the linear trends in the relationship between MAC-Ab levels and hemoptysis, the subjects were classified into three groups using the tertile distribution of the MAC-Ab.

          Results

          The prevalence of hemoptysis was twice as high in the seropositive group than in the seronegative group (42.2 and 21.7%, respectively, P = 0.02). The multivariable-adjusted risk of hemoptysis was elevated in the seropositive group as compared with the seronegative group (odds ratio = 2.79 (95% confidence interval 1.15–7.44)). Likewise, when categorizing the subjects into three groups, the risk of hemoptysis increased with increasing MAC-Ab levels ( P = 0.03 for trend).

          Conclusions

          A positive MAC-Ab level was a significant risk factor for hemoptysis among patients with MAC lung disease. There were also positive trends in the association between the MAC-Ab titer and the likelihood of hemoptysis. Measuring the MAC-Ab may contribute not only to early detection of the risk of hemoptysis but also to early intervention with anti-NTM therapy and, as a result, to the prevention of hemoptysis in MAC patients.

          Supplementary Information

          The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-021-06182-9.

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          An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases.

          David Griffith, Timothy R Aksamit, Barbara Brown-Elliott … (2007)
          Article 0 comments Cited 764 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Epidemiology of human pulmonary infection with nontuberculous mycobacteria: a review.

            D. Prevots, Theodore Marras (2015)
            Population-based data have documented a worldwide increase in the prevalence of human nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections since 2000. Mycobacterium avium complex is predominant in North America and East Asia, whereas in regions within Europe, M kansasii, M xenopi, and M malmoense are more common. Host factors important to the current epidemiology of NTM pulmonary disease include thoracic skeletal abnormalities, rheumatoid arthritis, and use of immunomodulatory drugs. Clustering of disease within families suggests a heritable genetic predisposition to disease susceptibility. Warm, humid environments with high atmospheric vapor pressure contribute to population risk.
            Article 0 comments Cited 225 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease in U.S. Medicare beneficiaries.

              Jennifer Adjemian, Emmanuel N. Olivier, Amy Seitz … (2012)
              Pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria (PNTM) are an important cause of morbidity among older adults in the United States, but national prevalence estimates are lacking. To describe the prevalence and trends of PNTM disease among adults aged 65 years or older throughout the United States. A nationally representative 5% sample of Medicare Part B beneficiaries was analyzed from 1997 to 2007. Demographic and medical claims data were compiled and prevalence estimates for PNTM and selected comorbidities were calculated and trends over time evaluated. Logistic regression was used to identify demographic and geographic factors associated with PNTM. From 1997 to 2007, the annual prevalence significantly increased from 20 to 47 cases/100,000 persons, or 8.2% per year. The period prevalence was 112 cases/100,000 persons, although prevalence was twofold higher among Asians/Pacific Islanders than among whites (228 vs. 116 cases/100,000 persons). Western states had the highest period prevalence at 149 cases/100,000 persons, with Hawaii having the highest prevalence at 396 cases/100,000 persons, followed by southeastern states, which had a period prevalence of 131 cases/100,000 persons. PNTM cases had more comorbid conditions than noncases and were 40% more likely to die than noncases. Women were 1.4 times more likely to be a PNTM case than men. Relative to whites, Asians/Pacific Islanders were twice as likely to be a case, whereas blacks were half as likely. The prevalence of PNTM is increasing across all regions of the United States and among both men and women. Significant racial/ethnic and geographic differences suggest important gene-environment interactions.
              Article 0 comments Cited 135 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Hiroaki Ogata:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6932-747X
                ogata-h@kokyu.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Infect Dis
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Infect Dis
                Title: BMC Infectious Diseases
                Publisher: BioMed Central (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1471-2334
                Publication date (Electronic): 26 May 2021
                Publication date PMC-release: 26 May 2021
                Publication date Collection: 2021
                Volume: 21
                Electronic Location Identifier: 480
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.470350.5, Department of Respiratory Medicine, , National Hospital Organization Fukuoka National Hospital, ; 4-39-1 Yakatabaru, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 811-1394 Japan
                [2 ]GRID grid.470350.5, Department of Infectious Diseases, , National Hospital Organization Fukuoka National Hospital, ; 4-39-1 Yakatabaru, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 811-1394 Japan
                [3 ]GRID grid.470350.5, Department of Radiology, , National Hospital Organization Fukuoka National Hospital, ; 4-39-1 Yakatabaru, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 811-1394 Japan
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6932-747X
                Article
                Publisher ID: 6182
                DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06182-9
                PMC ID: 8157429
                PubMed ID: 34039293
                SO-VID: 4fa0663d-9488-42c6-8c58-f84f7b39ff01
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2021
                License:

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

                History
                Date received : 22 October 2020
                Date accepted : 14 May 2021
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2021

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: nontuberculous mycobacteria,mycobacterium avium complex,hemoptysis,serum anti-mac antibody
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: nontuberculous mycobacteria, mycobacterium avium complex, hemoptysis, serum anti-mac antibody

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