Shu-Ching Chang:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6534-0124
Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole:
MethodologyRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Gary L. Grunkemeier: Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – review
& editing
Jason D. Goldman: Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – review
& editing
Mansen Wang: Role: ConceptualizationRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – review & editing
Paul A. McKelvey: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Writing – review & editing
Jennifer Hadlock:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6103-7606
Role: ConceptualizationRole: Writing – review & editing
Qi Wei: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Writing – review & editing
George A. Diaz: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole:
Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Kuo-Cherh Huang: Role: Editor
Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS One
Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
Title:
PLOS ONE
Publisher:
Public Library of Science
(San Francisco, CA USA
)
ISSN
(Electronic):
1932-6203
Publication date
(Electronic):
21
May
2024
Publication date Collection: 2024
Volume: 19
Issue: 5
Electronic Location Identifier: e0303899
Affiliations
[1
]
Providence St. Joseph Health, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
[2
]
Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland,
OR, United States of America
[3
]
Division of Infectious Diseases, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, United States
of America
[4
]
Swedish Center for Research and Innovation, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, United
States of America
[5
]
Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,
United States of America
[6
]
ClinChoice, Portland, OR, United States of America
[7
]
Providence Heart Institute, Providence St. Joseph Health, Portland, Oregon, United
States of America
[8
]
Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
[9
]
Division of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Providence Regional Medical
Center Everett, Everett, WA, United States of America
[10
]
Washington State University Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Spokane, WA, United
States of America
[11
]
Providence Research Network, Renton, WA, United States of America
Taipei Medical University, TAIWAN
Author notes
Competing Interests: I have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following
competing interests: G.A.D reported receipt of clinical trial research support from
Gilead Sciences, Regeneron, Roche, Boehringer Ingelheim, Edesa Biotech and NeuroBo
Pharmaceuticals. J.D.G reports contracted research from Helix, Gilead, Eli Lilly,
and Regeneron, grants from Merck (BARDA) and Gilead, and collaborative services agreements
with Adaptive Biotechnologies, Monogram Biosciences and Labcorp; and serving as a
consultant, speaker or advisory board member for Gilead, and Eli Lilly. All other
authors have nothing to disclose.
[¤]
Current address: The Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS), Chicago, IL, United States
of America
Author information
Article
Publisher ID:
PONE-D-24-00824
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303899
PMC ID: 11108185
PubMed ID: 38771892
SO-VID: 5013ed2a-ba16-4471-9f94-312bc292bd89
Copyright © © 2024 Chang et al
License:
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided
the original author and source are credited.
The author(s) received no specific funding for this work.
Subject:
Research Article
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Medical Conditions
Subject:
Infectious Diseases
Subject:
Viral Diseases
Subject:
Covid 19
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Pulmonology
Subject:
Pneumonia
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Population Biology
Subject:
Population Metrics
Subject:
Death Rates
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Epidemiology
Subject:
Medical Risk Factors
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Health Care
Subject:
Health Information Technology
Subject:
Electronic Medical Records
Subject:
Computer and Information Sciences
Subject:
Information Technology
Subject:
Health Information Technology
Subject:
Electronic Medical Records
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Health Care
Subject:
Patients
Subject:
Outpatients
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Epidemiology
Subject:
Pandemics
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
RNA viruses
Subject:
Coronaviruses
Subject:
SARS coronavirus
Subject:
SARS CoV 2
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Microbiology
Subject:
Medical microbiology
Subject:
Microbial pathogens
Subject:
Viral pathogens
Subject:
Coronaviruses
Subject:
SARS coronavirus
Subject:
SARS CoV 2
Subject:
Medicine and health sciences
Subject:
Pathology and laboratory medicine
Subject:
Pathogens
Subject:
Microbial pathogens
Subject:
Viral pathogens
Subject:
Coronaviruses
Subject:
SARS coronavirus
Subject:
SARS CoV 2
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
Viral pathogens
Subject:
Coronaviruses
Subject:
SARS coronavirus
Subject:
SARS CoV 2
