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      Influence of the host diet on the performance of Doryctobracon areolatus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Translated title: Influência da dieta do hospedeiro na performance de Doryctobracon areolatus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

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          Abstract

          Abstract Fitness in parasitoids is generally influenced by host quality. We evaluated the development parameters of Doryctobracon areolatus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitoid on Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) larvae, reared in artificial diets with different protein sources. Larvae of A. fraterculus were reared in the diets based on 1) raw wheat germ (control); 2) whole rice flour; 3) corn flour; and, 4) whole wheat flour + soybean meal. The larvae were used for the development of D. areolatus, to evaluate the number of offspring/female, emergence rate, sex ratio, egg-adult period, adult weight posterior tibia length and longevity. Larvae of A. fraterculus reared in the diets based on wheat germ and corn flour obtained a greater number of offspring, with shorter duration of egg-adult period for males and females. In diets with rice flour and corn flour, A. fraterculus larvae generated adults of D. areolatus with greater weight, longer tibia length and higher sex ratio, whereas larvae reared in wheat flour + soybean meal diet had a lower sex ratio. The diets based on rice flour and corn are the most appropriate for multiplication of the parasitoid.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo O custo adaptativo de parasitoides é geralmente influenciado pela qualidade do hospedeiro. Nós avaliamos parâmetros de desenvolvimento do parasitoide Doryctobracon areolatus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) em larvas de Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) criadas em dieta artificial com diferentes fontes proteicas. Larvas de A. fraterculus foram criadas em dietas a base de: 1) germe de trigo cru (testemunha); 2) farinha de arroz integral; 3) farinha de milho; e, 4) farinha de trigo integral + farelo de soja. As larvas foram usadas para o desenvolvimento de D. areolatus para avaliar o número de descendentes/fêmea, taxa de emergência, razão sexual, duração do período ovo-adulto, peso de adultos, comprimento da tíbia posterior e longevidade. Larvas de A. fraterculus criadas nas dietas a base de germe de trigo e farinha de milho, permitiram obter um maior número de descendentes do parasitoide, com menor duração do período de desenvolvimento ovo-adulto, para ambos os sexos. Nas dietas com farinha de arroz e farinha de milho, larvas de A. fraterculus geraram adultos de D. areolatus com maior peso e tamanho de tíbia de machos e fêmeas e uma maior quantidade de fêmeas. A dieta contendo farinha de trigo + farelo de soja afetou a geração de descendentes, causando uma menor razão sexual. As dietas a base de farinha de arroz e milho são as mais adequadas para a multiplicação do parasitoide.

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          Factors affecting the evolution of development strategies in parasitoid wasps: the importance of functional constraints and incorporating complexity

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            Lack of lipogenesis in parasitoids: a review of physiological mechanisms and evolutionary implications.

            The ability of organisms to adapt to fluctuating food conditions is essential for their survival and reproduction. Accumulating energy reserves, such as lipids, in anticipation of harsh conditions, will reduce negative effects of a low food supply. For Hymenoptera and Diptera, several parasitoid species lack adult lipogenesis, and are unable to store excess energy in the form of lipid reserves. The aim of this review is to provide a synthesis of current knowledge regarding the inability to accumulate lipids in parasitoids, leading to new insights and prospects for further research. We will emphasize physiological mechanisms underlying lack of lipogenesis, the evolution of this adaptation in parasitoids and its biological implications with regard to life history traits. We suggest the occurrence of lack of lipogenesis in parasitoids to be dependent on the extent of host exploitation through metabolic manipulation. Currently available data shows lack of lipogenesis to have evolved independently at least twice, in parasitic Hymenoptera and Diptera. The underlying genetic mechanism, however, remains to be solved. Furthermore, due to the inability to replenish adult fat reserves, parasitoids are severely constrained in resource allocation strategies, in particular the trade-off between survival and reproduction.
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              Effects of larval diet on development rates and reproductive maturation of male and female Mediterranean fruit flies

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                bjb
                Brazilian Journal of Biology
                Braz. J. Biol.
                Instituto Internacional de Ecologia (São Carlos, SP, Brazil )
                1519-6984
                1678-4375
                December 2020
                : 80
                : 4
                : 727-734
                Affiliations
                [02] Botucatu orgnameUniversidade Estadual Paulista orgdiv1Departamento de Proteção Vegetal orgdiv2Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Proteção de Plantas) Brazil
                [04] Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul orgnameEmbrapa Clima Temperado orgdiv1Laboratório de Entomologia Brazil
                [01] Capão do Leão Rio Grande do Sul orgnameUniversidade Federal de Pelotas orgdiv1Departamento de Fitossanidade orgdiv2Programa de Pós-graduação em Fitossanidade Brazil
                [03] Capão do Leão Rio Grande do Sul orgnameUniversidade Federal de Pelotas orgdiv1Instituto de Biologia orgdiv2Departamento de Ecologia, Zoologia e Genética Brazil
                Article
                S1519-69842020000400727 S1519-6984(20)08000400727
                10.1590/1519-6984.217968
                50e54ce9-5058-4c76-9647-6722f3978efd

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 20 December 2018
                : 30 May 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 35, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Original Article

                mass rearing,dietas artificiais,biological parameters,parâmetros biológicos,criação massal,controle biológico,parasitoide,biological control,parasitoid,artificial diets

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