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      Autenticidade, consumo e reconhecimento quilombola: do neotribalismo à sociedade de consumo Translated title: Authenticity, Consumption and Quilombola Recognition: From Neotribalism to The Consumer Society

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          Abstract

          RESUMO Esse trabalho visa compreender, por meio de uma análise sociogenética e psicogenética, com base em dados obtidos por meio da História Oral, História de Vida e observação participante, os constrangimentos institucionais que alimentam as relações de consumo e as expressões culturais entre os Kalunga e como essas afetam a organização do grupo em torno da identidade quilombola na atualidade, formalizada pelo etnônimo Kalunga. A prerrogativa sincrônica e diacrônica adotada é que cada um desses afrodescendentes do nordeste goiano interseccionam a memória coletiva a que tiveram acesso durante sua experiência de vida, fundada na tradição, objetivada por seus habitus, com a lógica formal legitimada, a medida e de acordo com a intensidade do contato estabelecido com o ambiente técnico-informacional globalizado do mercado e burocrático-instrumental do estado. O acesso aos saberes e aos bens se faz mediante uma processualidade histórica e hierarquizante de longa duração (sociogênese), estabelecida por uma rede intricada de controles sobre a cognição e a volição dos indivíduos (piscogênese). Esse jogo do poder, por sua vez, efetiva diferentes níveis de contatos com os valores tidos universais, gerando um ambiente simbólico múltiplo e desigual, que suporta tanto a universalidade quanto a particularidade, tanto a identidade quanto a diferença. Tal constatação, no entanto, frustra o ideal de autenticidade edificado pela gnosiologia moderna, que tem inspirado o reconhecimento de comunidades tradicionais rurais no Brasil, já que esperam encontrar unidades coletivas, com uma cultura autêntica e independente, que se afirma em relação às outras culturas.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract This work aims to understand, through a sociogenetic and psychogenetic analysis, based on data obtained through oral history, life history and participant observation, the institutional constraints that fuel the relations of consumption and cultural expressions among the Kalunga and how these affect the organization of the group around today's quilombola identity, formalized by the Kalunga ethnonym. The synchronic and diachronic prerogative adopted is that each of these Afro-descendants of the middle-east of Brazil (Goiás district) intersects the collective memory that they had access to during their life experience, founded on tradition, objectified by their habitus, with the legitimated formal logic established by the globalized technical-informational market and bureaucratic-instrumental state environment. The access to knowledge and goods is done through a long-standing historical and hierarchical process (sociogenesis), established by an intricate network of controls on the cognition and volition of individuals (pisogenesis). This game of power, in turn, triggers different levels of contacts with universal values, generating a multiple and unequal symbolic environment that supports both universality and particularity, both identity and difference. This finding, however, frustrates the ideal of authenticity built by modern gnosiology, which has inspired the recognition of traditional rural communities in Brazil, since they expect to find collective units with an authentic and independent culture that affirms itself in relation to other cultures.

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          Mirror neurons responding to the observation of ingestive and communicative mouth actions in the monkey ventral premotor cortex.

          In the ventral premotor cortex (area F5) of the monkey there are neurons that discharge both when the monkey performs specific motor actions and when it observes another individual performing a similar action (mirror neurons). Previous studies on mirror neurons concerned hand actions. Here, we describe the mirror responses of F5 neurons that motorically code mouth actions. The results showed that about one-third of mouth motor neurons also discharge when the monkey observes another individual performing mouth actions. The majority of these 'mouth mirror neurons' become active during the execution and observation of mouth actions related to ingestive functions such as grasping, sucking or breaking food. Another population of mouth mirror neurons also discharges during the execution of ingestive actions, but the most effective visual stimuli in triggering them are communicative mouth gestures (e.g. lip smacking). Some also fire when the monkey makes communicative gestures. These findings extend the notion of mirror system from hand to mouth action and suggest that area F5, the area considered to be the homologue of human Broca's area, is also involved in communicative functions.
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            Authenticity

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              Cooperation of the anterior cingulate cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for attention shifting.

              Attention shifting in the working memory system plays an important role in goal-oriented behavior, such as reading, reasoning, and driving, because it involves several cognitive processes. This study identified brain activity leading to individual differences in attention shifting for dual-task performance by using the group comparison approach. A large-scale pilot study was initially conducted to select suitable good and poor performers. The fMRI experiment consisted of a dual-task condition and two single-task conditions. Under the dual-task condition, participants verified the status of letters while concurrently retaining arrow orientations. The behavioral results indicated that accuracy in arrow recognition was better in the good performers than in the poor performers under the dual-task condition but not under the single-task condition. Dual-task performance showed a positive correlation with mean signal change in the right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Structural equation modeling indicated that effective connectivity between the right ACC and right DLPFC was present in the good performers but not in the poor performers, although activations of the task-dependent posterior regions were modulated by the right ACC and right DLPFC. We conclude that individual differences in attention shifting heavily depend on the functional efficiency of the cingulo-prefrontal network.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                s_his
                História (São Paulo)
                História
                Revista História (Franca, SP, Brazil )
                0101-9074
                1980-4369
                2020
                : 39
                : e2020012
                Affiliations
                [1] Goiânia Goiás orgnamePontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás Brazil
                Article
                S0101-90742020000100405 S0101-9074(20)03900000405
                10.1590/1980-4369e2020012
                511f0bb2-16b7-4fd6-8ed1-99832b55213d

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 17 December 2019
                : 13 March 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 54, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigos Livres

                Consumo,quilombolas,neotribalismo,performatividade,identidade,reconhecimento,Consumption,Quilombolas,Neo-tribalism,Performativity,identity,recognition

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