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      TRUNK BODY MASS INDEX: A NEW REFERENCE FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF BODY MASS DISTRIBUTION Translated title: ÍNDICE DE MASSA CORPÓREA DO TRONCO: NOVA REFERÊNCIA PARA AVALIAÇÃO DA DISTRIBUIÇÃO DA MASSA CORPORAL

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          ABSTRACT

          Background:

          Body mass index (BMI) has some limitations for nutritional diagnosis since it does not represent an accurate measure of body fat and it is unable to identify predominant fat distribution.

          Aim:

          To develop a BMI based on the ratio of trunk mass and height.

          Methods:

          Fifty-seven patients in preoperative evaluation to bariatric surgery were evaluated. The preoperative anthropometric evaluation assessed weight, height and BMI. The body composition was evaluated by bioimpedance, obtaining the trunk fat free mass and fat mass, and trunk height. Trunk BMI (tBMI) was calculated by the sum of the measurements of the trunk fat free mass (tFFM) and trunk fat mass (tFM) in kg, divided by the trunk height squared (m 2)). The calculation of the trunk fat BMI (tfBMI) was calculated by tFM, in kg, divided by the trunk height squared (m 2)). For the correction and adjustment of the tBMI and tfBMI, it was calculated the relation between trunk extension and height, multiplying by the obtained indexes.

          Results:

          The mean data was: weight 125.3±19.5 kg, height 1.63±0.1 m, BMI was 47±5 kg/m 2) and trunk height was 0.52±0,1 m, tFFM was 29.05±4,8 kg, tFM was 27.2±3.7 kg, trunk mass index was 66.6±10.3 kg/m², and trunk fat was 32.3±5.8 kg/m². In 93% of the patients there was an increase in obesity class using the tBMI. In patients with grade III obesity the tBMI reclassified to super obesity in 72% of patients and to super-super obesity in 24% of the patients.

          Conclusion:

          The trunk BMI is simple and allows a new reference for the evaluation of the body mass distribution, and therefore a new reclassification of the obesity class, evidencing the severity of obesity in a more objectively way.

          RESUMO

          Racional:

          O índice de massa corporal (IMC) para diagnóstico nutricional apresenta limitações, pois não representa medida precisa da adiposidade corporal, podendo assim subestimar a presença de obesidade.

          Objetivo:

          Desenvolver um índice de massa corporal baseado entre a relação da massa e altura do tronco.

          Método:

          Cinquenta e sete pacientes em preparo pré-operatório para cirurgia bariátrica foram submetidos à avaliação antropométrica (peso, altura e índice de massa corporal). Para cálculo do IMC do tronco foi avaliada a composição corporal pela bioimpedância, obtendo-se a massa livre de gordura e massa de gordura do tronco; a medida do tronco foi calculada pela diferença entre a altura a partir da sétima vértebra cervical e a extensão dos membros inferiores. O cálculo do IMC do tronco (IMCt) foi a soma das medidas da massa livre de gordura do tronco (MLGt) e massa de gordura do tronco (MGt), em kg, dividindo-se pelo quadrado da altura do tronco (m 2)). O IMC de gordura do tronco (IMCgt) foi calculado utilizando a MGt, em kg, dividindo-a pelo quadrado da altura do tronco (m 2)). Para correção e ajuste do IMCt e IMCgt foi calculada a relação entre os valores de extensão do tronco e da altura, multiplicando-se pelo valor dos índices obtidos.

          Resultados:

          As médias do peso e altura foram de 125,3±19,5 kg e 1,63 m±0,1, respectivamente, e do IMC de 47±5 kg/m 2). A média da altura do tronco foi de 0,52±0,1 m, da MLGt de 29,05±4,8 kg, da MGt de 27,2±3,7 kg, do IMCt de 66,6±10,3 kg/m², e do IMCgt 32,3±5,8 kg/m². Em 93% dos pacientes houve aumento da classificação da gravidade da obesidade com o cálculo do IMCt . Nos pacientes com obesidade grau III, o IMCt alterou a classificação para super-obesidade em 72% dos pacientes e para super-super obesidade em 24% dos pacientes.

          Conclusão:

          O IMC do tronco é método antropométrico acessível e prático, que permite a reclassificação do IMC baseado na distribuição da massa do tronco, evidenciando de forma mais clara a gravidade da obesidade.

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          Most cited references30

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Obesity as a medical problem.

          P Kopelman (2000)
          Obesity is now so common within the world's population that it is beginning to replace undernutrition and infectious diseases as the most significant contributor to ill health. In particular, obesity is associated with diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, certain forms of cancer, and sleep-breathing disorders. Obesity is defined by a body-mass index (weight divided by square of the height) of 30 kg m(-2) or greater, but this does not take into account the morbidity and mortality associated with more modest degrees of overweight, nor the detrimental effect of intra-abdominal fat. The global epidemic of obesity results from a combination of genetic susceptibility, increased availability of high-energy foods and decreased requirement for physical activity in modern society. Obesity should no longer be regarded simply as a cosmetic problem affecting certain individuals, but an epidemic that threatens global well being.
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            Is Open Access

            Measuring Adiposity in Patients: The Utility of Body Mass Index (BMI), Percent Body Fat, and Leptin

            Background Obesity is a serious disease that is associated with an increased risk of diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, stroke, and cancer, among other diseases. The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates a 20% obesity rate in the 50 states, with 12 states having rates of over 30%. Currently, the body mass index (BMI) is most commonly used to determine adiposity. However, BMI presents as an inaccurate obesity classification method that underestimates the epidemic and contributes to failed treatment. In this study, we examine the effectiveness of precise biomarkers and duel-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to help diagnose and treat obesity. Methodology/Principal Findings A cross-sectional study of adults with BMI, DXA, fasting leptin and insulin results were measured from 1998–2009. Of the participants, 63% were females, 37% were males, 75% white, with a mean age = 51.4 (SD = 14.2). Mean BMI was 27.3 (SD = 5.9) and mean percent body fat was 31.3% (SD = 9.3). BMI characterized 26% of the subjects as obese, while DXA indicated that 64% of them were obese. 39% of the subjects were classified as non-obese by BMI, but were found to be obese by DXA. BMI misclassified 25% men and 48% women. Meanwhile, a strong relationship was demonstrated between increased leptin and increased body fat. Conclusions/Significance Our results demonstrate the prevalence of false-negative BMIs, increased misclassifications in women of advancing age, and the reliability of gender-specific revised BMI cutoffs. BMI underestimates obesity prevalence, especially in women with high leptin levels (>30 ng/mL). Clinicians can use leptin-revised levels to enhance the accuracy of BMI estimates of percentage body fat when DXA is unavailable.
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              Accuracy of body mass index in diagnosing obesity in the adult general population.

              Body mass index (BMI) is the most widely used measure to diagnose obesity. However, the accuracy of BMI in detecting excess body adiposity in the adult general population is largely unknown. A cross-sectional design of 13 601 subjects (age 20-79.9 years; 49% men) from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to estimate body fat percent (BF%). We assessed the diagnostic performance of BMI using the World Health Organization reference standard for obesity of BF%>25% in men and>35% in women. We tested the correlation between BMI and both BF% and lean mass by sex and age groups adjusted for race. BMI-defined obesity (> or =30 kg m(-2)) was present in 19.1% of men and 24.7% of women, while BF%-defined obesity was present in 43.9% of men and 52.3% of women. A BMI> or =30 had a high specificity (men=95%, 95% confidence interval (CI), 94-96 and women=99%, 95% CI, 98-100), but a poor sensitivity (men=36%, 95% CI, 35-37 and women=49%, 95% CI, 48-50) to detect BF%-defined obesity. The diagnostic performance of BMI diminished as age increased. In men, BMI had a better correlation with lean mass than with BF%, while in women BMI correlated better with BF% than with lean mass. However, in the intermediate range of BMI (25-29.9 kg m(-2)), BMI failed to discriminate between BF% and lean mass in both sexes. The accuracy of BMI in diagnosing obesity is limited, particularly for individuals in the intermediate BMI ranges, in men and in the elderly. A BMI cutoff of> or =30 kg m(-2) has good specificity but misses more than half of people with excess fat. These results may help to explain the unexpected better survival in overweight/mild obese patients.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Arq Bras Cir Dig
                Arq Bras Cir Dig
                abcd
                Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva : ABCD
                Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgia Digestiva
                0102-6720
                2317-6326
                21 June 2018
                2018
                : 31
                : 1
                : e1362
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Gastroenterology
                [2 ]Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical School of University of São Paulo São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Mariane Takesian E-mail: marianetakesian@ 123456hotmail.com

                Conflict of interest: none

                Article
                00323
                10.1590/0102-672020180001e1362
                6050002
                29947696
                51b6c2c8-bf3f-47b6-a7ef-825d8e4aaaa7

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License

                History
                : 07 December 2017
                : 16 February 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 6, Equations: 0, References: 29, Pages: 1
                Categories
                Original Article

                body composition,body mass index,fat mass,severe obesity,trunk height.,composição corporal,índice de massa corporal,massa de gordura,obesidade severa,altura do tronco

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