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      Spondyloarthropathy-Associated Aortitis and Massive Thickening of the Aortic-Mitral Curtain: Diagnosis by Echocardiography

      case-report
      Author(s): a , b , a
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Cardiology
      Publisher: S. Karger AG

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          Abstract

          Cardiac involvement in reactive arthritis is well-recognized, and usually results in aortic regurgitation, proximal aortitis, and conduction system abnormalities. Aortitis is usually recognized in conjunction with aortic regurgitation, but can be diagnosed in isolation as aortic root thickening and subaortic fibrous ridging. We report a case of spondyloarthropathy-associated aortitis diagnosed by transesophageal echocardiography. The case illustrates the aortic root pathology and highlights the unique morphologic echocardiographic feature of this condition, prominent thickening of the aortic-mitral curtain.

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          Aortic root disease and valve disease associated with ankylosing spondylitis.

          Carlos A. Roldan, Joe Chavez, Philip Wiest … (1998)
          This study sought to determine the prevalence, characteristics, relation to clinical features and evolution of aortic root disease and valve disease associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AKS). Aortic root disease and valve disease are common in patients with AKS, but their clinical and prognostic implications have not been well defined. Forty-four outpatients with AKS and 30 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers underwent initial transesophageal echocardiography and rheumatologic evaluations. Twenty-five patients underwent clinical and echocardiographic follow-up 39+/-10 months later. Aortic root disease and valve disease were common in patients (82%) as compared with controls (27%; p < 0.001). Aortic root thickening, increased stiffness and dilatation were seen in 61%, 61% and 25% of patients, respectively. Valve thickening (41% for the aortic and 34% for the mitral valve) manifested predominantly (74%) as nodularities of the aortic cusps and basal thickening of the anterior mitral leaflet, forming the characteristic subaortic bump. Valve regurgitation was seen in almost half of patients, and 40% had moderate lesions. Except for the duration of AKS, aortic root disease and valve disease were unrelated to the activity, severity or therapy of AKS. During follow-up of 25 patients, in up to 24% new aortic root or valve abnormalities developed, in 12% existing valve regurgitation worsened significantly and in 20% abnormalities resolved. Twenty percent of patients developed heart failure, underwent valve replacement, had a stroke or died, as compared with 3% of control subjects. Aortic root disease and valve disease are common in patients with AKS, are unrelated to clinical features of AKS, can resolve or progress over time and are associated with clinically important cardiovascular morbidity.
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            Spondyloarthritis: update on pathogenesis and management.

            Frank Arnett, John Reveille (2005)
            A great deal of progress has occurred in the past few years in elucidating the causes and designing new treatments for ankylosing spondylitis and other types of spondyloarthritis. In addition to the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 and other major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes, chromosomal regions and genes elsewhere in the genome are being implicated both in disease susceptibility and severity. The various ways HLA-B27 may function in causing spondyloarthritis now are better understood to encompass not only antigen presentation but also other mechanisms, possibly all being operative in pathogenesis (misfolding of the HLA-B27 molecule, impaired intracellular killing of bacteria, and HLA-B27 itself serving as an autoantigen). Specific enteric and sexually acquired infections can trigger reactive arthritis, though no specific microbe has been identified in other forms of spondyloarthritis. Intestinal inflammation with impairment of the gut:blood barrier may be operative in driving ankylosing spondylitis and enteropathic arthritis. A number of treatments have been tried in spondyloarthritis, including older agents such as methotrexate and sulfasalazine but also newer drugs such as pamindronate. The recent introduction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blockers in the treatment of spondyloarthritis has offered the most hope in not only relieving symptoms and signs of both peripheral arthritis and enthesitis but also spinal disease, which often has been refractory to other agents. Their high cost and considerable side effect profile, however, have necessitated the establishment of guidelines for their use in these diseases in order to target the patient in whom they are likely to have the most benefit.
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              HLA-B27: An important genetic risk factor for lone aortic regurgitation and severe conduction system abnormalities

              Lennart Bergfeldt, Per Insulander, Dan Lindblom … (1988)
              Article 0 comments Cited 8 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): CRD
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Cardiology
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1159/issn.0008-6312
                Title: Cardiology
                Publisher: S. Karger AG
                ISSN (Print): 0008-6312
                ISSN (Electronic): 1421-9751
                Publication date Subscription-year: 2006
                Publication date (Print): August 2006
                Publication date (Electronic): 16 August 2006
                Volume: 106
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 98-101
                Affiliations
                aDepartment of Cardiology, and bDepartment of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, Fla., USA
                Article
                Publisher ID: 92638 Other ID: Cardiology 2006;106:98–101
                DOI: 10.1159/000092638
                PubMed ID: 16612076
                SO-VID: 538bf698-4777-4e9c-a7fb-3abd094430e8
                Copyright © © 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel
                License:

                Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                Date received : 23 January 2006
                Date accepted : 04 February 2006
                Page count
                Figures: 3, References: 11, Pages: 4
                Categories
                Subject: Case Report

                ScienceOpen disciplines: General medicine,Neurology,Cardiovascular Medicine,Internal medicine,Nephrology
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: General medicine, Neurology, Cardiovascular Medicine, Internal medicine, Nephrology

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