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      Drug Design, Development and Therapy (submit here)

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      Is Open Access

      CT-P13: design, development, and place in therapy

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          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          The introduction of biological agents has revolutionized the management of many life-threatening and debilitating immune-mediated diseases. Because of the high cost of biological drugs and their patent expiration, the market has opened to biosimilar agents, copy versions of the originators, which can lead to reduced health care expenditure and increase treatment access worldwide. CT-P13 is the first biosimilar of infliximab (IFX) and has been approved for the same indications as its originator drug. It obtained regulatory approval by the European Medicines Agency in September 2013 and by the US Food and Drug Administration in April 2016. The Phase I and Phase III clinical trials conducted in ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis have demonstrated pharmacokinetic and efficacy equivalence with comparable safety and immunogenicity to IFX. For these reasons, the use of CT-P13 has been extrapolated also to inflammatory bowel disease. There have been some initial concerns regarding the use of CT-P13 in inflammatory bowel disease patients, because of the lack of randomized controlled trials. However, emerging real-world data have further confirmed the comparability between CT-P13 and its reference product in terms of efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity, in patients naïve to the anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha agents and after switching from IFX, and will be summarized in this review.

          Most cited references45

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          Infliximab for induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis.

          Infliximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody directed against tumor necrosis factor alpha, is an established treatment for Crohn's disease but not ulcerative colitis. Two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies--the Active Ulcerative Colitis Trials 1 and 2 (ACT 1 and ACT 2, respectively)--evaluated the efficacy of infliximab for induction and maintenance therapy in adults with ulcerative colitis. In each study, 364 patients with moderate-to-severe active ulcerative colitis despite treatment with concurrent medications received placebo or infliximab (5 mg or 10 mg per kilogram of body weight) intravenously at weeks 0, 2, and 6 and then every eight weeks through week 46 (in ACT 1) or week 22 (in ACT 2). Patients were followed for 54 weeks in ACT 1 and 30 weeks in ACT 2. In ACT 1, 69 percent of patients who received 5 mg of infliximab and 61 percent of those who received 10 mg had a clinical response at week 8, as compared with 37 percent of those who received placebo (P<0.001 for both comparisons with placebo). A response was defined as a decrease in the Mayo score of at least 3 points and at least 30 percent, with an accompanying decrease in the subscore for rectal bleeding of at least 1 point or an absolute rectal-bleeding subscore of 0 or 1. In ACT 2, 64 percent of patients who received 5 mg of infliximab and 69 percent of those who received 10 mg had a clinical response at week 8, as compared with 29 percent of those who received placebo (P<0.001 for both comparisons with placebo). In both studies, patients who received infliximab were more likely to have a clinical response at week 30 (P< or =0.002 for all comparisons). In ACT 1, more patients who received 5 mg or 10 mg of infliximab had a clinical response at week 54 (45 percent and 44 percent, respectively) than did those who received placebo (20 percent, P<0.001 for both comparisons). Patients with moderate-to-severe active ulcerative colitis treated with infliximab at weeks 0, 2, and 6 and every eight weeks thereafter were more likely to have a clinical response at weeks 8, 30, and 54 than were those receiving placebo. (ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT00036439 and NCT00096655.) Copyright 2005 Massachusetts Medical Society.
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            Combination therapy with infliximab and azathioprine is superior to monotherapy with either agent in ulcerative colitis.

            The comparative efficacy and safety of infliximab and azathioprine therapy alone or in combination for ulcerative colitis (UC) have not been evaluated previously. This randomized, double-blind trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of 16 weeks of treatment with infliximab monotherapy, azathioprine monotherapy, or the 2 drugs combined in tumor necrosis factor-a antagonist-naive adults with moderate to severe UC. Patients were assigned randomly to receive intravenous infusions of infliximab 5 mg/kg at weeks 0, 2, 6, and 14 plus daily oral placebo capsules; oral azathioprine 2.5 mg/kg daily plus placebo infusions on the infliximab schedule; or combination therapy with the 2 drugs. Corticosteroid-free clinical remission (primary end point, week 16) was evaluated at weeks 8 and 16. The study was terminated before the enrollment target was reached. A total of 239 patients were included in efficacy analyses. Baseline characteristics were similar between treatment groups. Corticosteroid-free remission at week 16 was achieved by 39.7% (31 of 78) of patients receiving infliximab/azathioprine,compared with 22.1% (17 of 77) receiving infliximab alone(P =.017) and 23.7% (18 of 76) receiving azathioprine alone(P =.032). Mucosal healing at week 16 occurred in 62.8% (49 of 78) of patients receiving infliximab/azathioprine, compared with 54.6% (42 of 77) receiving infliximab (P = .295) and 36.8% (28 of 76) receiving azathioprine (P =.001). Serious infections occurred in 2 patients (1 patient receiving infliximab,and 1 patient receiving azathioprine). Anti–tumor necrosis factor-a–naive patients with moderate to severe UC treated with infliximab plus azathioprine were more likely to achieve corticosteroid-free remission at 16 weeks than those receiving either monotherapy. Combination therapy led to significantly better mucosal healing than azathioprine monotherapy. ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00537316.
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              Clinical course in Crohn's disease: results of a Norwegian population-based ten-year follow-up study.

              Most studies concerning the clinical course in CD are retrospective or based on selected patient groups. Our aim was to assess the course of CD in a prospective population-based follow-up study and to identify possible prognostic risk factors for complications on the basis of information obtained at initial diagnosis. From 1990-1994, a population-based cohort of 843 new cases of inflammatory bowel disease was recruited in South-Eastern Norway. The cohort was systematically followed up at 1, 5, and 10 years after diagnosis. Of 237 patients classified as CD, 197 completed the 10 years of follow-up, 18 died, and 22 were lost to follow-up. The cumulative relapse rate during the first 10 years was 90% (95% confidence interval, 86%-94%), and the cumulative probability of surgery was 37.9% (95% confidence interval, 31.4%-44.4%). Terminal ileal location (P < .001), stricturing (P = .004), penetrating behavior (P < .001), and age younger than 40 years (P = .03) at diagnosis were independent risk factors for subsequent surgery. A total of 53% (n = 105) of the patients had developed stricturing or penetrating disease at 10 years. A large proportion of patients (44%) were in clinical remission during the last 5 years of follow-up. The prognosis for CD seems better than previously reported. The probability of surgery was low, and fewer than expected developed complicated disease behavior. Nevertheless, the cumulative relapse rate of 90% and the finding of prognostic risk factors for subsequent surgery might call for attention to early effective medical treatment strategies.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Drug Des Devel Ther
                Drug Des Devel Ther
                Drug Design, Development and Therapy
                Drug Design, Development and Therapy
                Dove Medical Press
                1177-8881
                2017
                06 June 2017
                : 11
                : 1653-1661
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Gastroenterology Unit, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Forlì
                [2 ]Division of Gastroenterology, AOU Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
                [3 ]Gastroenterology Department, Valiant Clinic, Dubai, UAE
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Vito Annese, Gastroenterology Department, Valiant Clinic, P.O. Box 414296, Dubai, UAE, Tel +971 509 032048, Email vito.annese@ 123456valiant.ae
                Article
                dddt-11-1653
                10.2147/DDDT.S109852
                5472432
                28652703
                53918470-d421-4ef3-b007-7c365d980e64
                © 2017 Gabbani et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

                The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

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                Review

                Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                ct-p13,infliximab,biosimilar,biologic therapy,crohn’s disease,ulcerative colitis

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