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      Choosing the most favorable venue: forum shopping, shopping forums, and legal pluralism in Ecuador

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          Abstract

          Abstract This article is based on an extensive literature review and the findings obtained after three trips to Ecuador, during which interviews and informal conversations were held with members of Indigenous communities, communal leaders, national judges, prosecutors, academics and practitioners. It uses the concepts of “forum shopping” and “shopping forums,” showing how these phenomena are present in both types of legal systems in Ecuador: Indigenous legal systems and the ordinary legal system. The examples provided by respondents or studied within existing legal doctrine are shared first, followed by a discussion of the opportunities and challenges the choice of forums and disputants may experience in terms of access to justice. The article also examines the ne bis in idem principle, which has been implemented to control or reduce forum shopping and shopping forums. According to this principle an individual who has faced trial in one system should not be prosecuted again in the other system. If well controlled and carefully analysed on a case-by-case basis, forum shopping and shopping forum could be beneficial to individuals and communities, fostering access to justice and the protection of human rights, without disrespecting the autonomy of communities. Conversely, if poorly controlled or badly regulated, forum shopping and shopping forum could irreparably affect justice, harm individual rights or create impunity, leaving victims or the less powerful members of communities unprotected.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Este artículo se basa en una extensa revisión de literatura y los resultados obtenidos en tres investigaciones de campo a Ecuador, durante las cuales se realizaron entrevistas y conversaciones informales con miembros de comunidades indígenas, líderes comunitarios, jueces, fiscales, académicos y litigantes. Presenta los conceptos de forum shopping y shopping forum, mostrando cómo estos fenómenos están presentes en ambos tipos de sistemas legales que tiene Ecuador: los sistemas legales indígenas y el sistema legal ordinario. Primero se comparten los ejemplos proporcionados por los entrevistados o estudiados por la doctrina, seguidos de una discusión sobre las oportunidades y desafíos que la elección de foros y disputas puede tener en términos de acceso a la justicia. El artículo también examina una solución que se ha implementado para controlar o reducir el forum shopping y el shopping forum, a saber, el principio ne bis in idem, según el cual una persona que ha sido juzgada en un sistema no debe ser procesada nuevamente por el otro sistema. El artículo concluye que si se controla bien y se analiza cuidadosamente caso por caso, el forum shopping y el shopping forum podrían ser beneficiosos para los individuos y las comunidades, fomentando el acceso a la justicia y la protección de los derechos humanos, sin dejar de respetar la autonomía de las comunidades. Por el contrario, si están mal controlados o mal regulados, el forum shopping y el shopping forum podrían afectar irreparablemente a la justicia, afectar los derechos individuales o crear impunidad, dejando desprotegidas a las víctimas o a los miembros menos poderosos de las comunidades.

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          Most cited references81

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          Forum Shopping and Shopping Forums: Dispute Processing in a Minangkabau Village in West Sumatra

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            Who’s Afraid of Legal Pluralism?

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              Censo de Población y Vivienda 2001

              (2001)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                mlr
                Mexican law review
                Mex. law rev
                Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas (México, Distrito Federal, Mexico )
                1870-0578
                2448-5306
                June 2020
                : 12
                : 2
                : 53-86
                Affiliations
                [1] orgnameGhent University Belgium ruizo@ 123456ceu.edu
                Article
                S1870-05782020000100053 S1870-0578(20)01200200053
                10.22201/iij.24485306e.2020.2.14172
                53da2493-06b3-4d37-8361-1c2a49b30e54

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 13 January 2019
                : 14 March 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 90, Pages: 34
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Articles

                Access to Justice,Indigenous Customary Law,Forum Shopping,Legal Pluralism,Acceso a la Justicia,Derecho Consuetudinario Indígena,Pluralismo Jurídico

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