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      Management of hypopituitarism: a perspective from the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism

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          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          ABSTRACT

          Hypopituitarism is a disorder characterized by insufficient secretion of one or more pituitary hormones. New etiologies of hypopituitarism have been recently described, including head trauma, cerebral hemorrhage, and drug-induced hypophysitis. The investigation of patients with these new disorders, in addition to advances in diagnosis and treatment of hypopituitarism, has increased the prevalence of this condition. Pituitary hormone deficiencies can induce significant clinical changes with consequent increased morbidity and mortality rates, while hormone replacement based on current guidelines protects these patients. In this review, we will first discuss the different etiologies of hypopituitarism and then address one by one the clinical aspects, diagnostic evaluation, and therapeutic options for deficiencies of TSH, ACTH, gonadotropin, and GH. Finally, we will detail the hormonal interactions that occur during replacement of pituitary hormones.

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          2017 Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the Diagnosis and Management of Thyroid Disease During Pregnancy and the Postpartum.

          Erik Alexander, Elizabeth N Pearce, Gregory A Brent … (2017)
          Thyroid disease in pregnancy is a common clinical problem. Since the guidelines for the management of these disorders by the American Thyroid Association (ATA) were first published in 2011, significant clinical and scientific advances have occurred in the field. The aim of these guidelines is to inform clinicians, patients, researchers, and health policy makers on published evidence relating to the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease in women during pregnancy, preconception, and the postpartum period.
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            Testosterone Therapy in Men With Hypogonadism: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline

            Shalender Bhasin, Juan Brito, Glenn Cunningham … (2018)
            To update the "Testosterone Therapy in Men With Androgen Deficiency Syndromes" guideline published in 2010.
            Article 0 comments Cited 334 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Adrenal Insufficiency: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline.

              Stefan R. Bornstein, Bruno Allolio, Wiebke Arlt … (2016)
              This clinical practice guideline addresses the diagnosis and treatment of primary adrenal insufficiency.
              Article 0 comments Cited 331 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Arch Endocrinol Metab
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Arch Endocrinol Metab
                Journal ID (publisher-id): aem
                Title: Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism
                Publisher: Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e Metabologia
                ISSN (Print): 2359-3997
                ISSN (Electronic): 2359-4292
                Publication date (Electronic): 25 February 2021
                Publication date Collection: Mar-Apr 2021
                Volume: 65
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 212-230
                Affiliations
                [1 ] orgnameUniversidade Estadual de Campinas orgdiv1Faculdade de Ciências Médicas orgdiv2Departamento de Clínica Médica Campinas SP Brasil originalUnidade de Neuroendocrinologia, Divisão de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brasil
                [2 ] orgnameUniversidade Federal do Paraná orgdiv1Departamento de Clínica Médica orgdiv2Serviço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia Curitiba PR Brasil originalServiço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade Federal do Paraná (SEMPR), Curitiba, PR, Brasil
                [3 ] orgnameSanta Casa de Belo Horizonte orgdiv1Serviço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia Belo Horizonte MG Brasil originalServiço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
                [4 ] orgnameUniversidade Federal do Ceará orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina orgdiv2Departamento de Medicina Clínica Fortaleza CE Brasil originalDepartamento de Medicina Clínica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
                [5 ] orgnameUniversidade Federal de São Paulo orgdiv1Escola Paulista de Medicina orgdiv2Divisão de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo São Paulo SP Brasil originalUnidade de Neuroendocrinologia, Divisão de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM-Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
                [6 ] orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina orgdiv2Hospital das Clínicas São Paulo DP Brasil originalUnidade de Neuroendocrinologia, Divisão de Neurocirurgia Funcional, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, DP, Brasil
                [7 ] orgnameUniversidade Federal de Pernambuco orgdiv1Hospital das Clínicas orgdiv2Serviço de Endocrinologia Recife PE Brasil originalServiço de Endocrinologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
                [8 ] orgnameUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro orgdiv1Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho orgdiv2Centro de Pesquisa de Neuroendocrinologia Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil originalUnidade de Neuroendocrinologia, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Centro de Pesquisa de Neuroendocrinologia, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
                [9 ] orgnameUniversidade de Brasília orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina orgdiv2Serviço de Endocrinologia Brasília DF Brasil originalServiço de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
                [10 ] orgnameUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina orgdiv2Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre RS Brasil originalServiço de Endocrinologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
                [11 ] orgnameA.C. Camargo Cancer Center orgdiv1Serviço de Endocrinologia Oncológica São Paulo SP Brasil originalServiço de Endocrinologia Oncológica, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
                [12 ] orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina orgdiv2Hospital das Clínicas São Paulo SP Brasil originalUnidade de Neuroendocrinologia, Laboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular LIM-25, Divisão de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
                Author notes
                Correspondence to: Heraldo Mendes Garmes, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126 13083-887 – Campinas, SP, Brasil, heraldmg@ 123456uol.com.br
                Cesar Luiz Boguszewski, Serviço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná Rua Agostinho Leão Junior 285, 80030-110 – Curitiba, PR, Brasil, clbogus@ 123456uol.com.br

                Disclosure: no potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-8548
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7285-7941
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5433-3386
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7272-9552
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2405-0013
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4804-1525
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1562-4476
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4815-6963
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3824-0750
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9250-3558
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1339-3192
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3363-3803
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5083-5776
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1789-0068
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3495-1301
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8201-6756
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0113-5201
                Article
                Publisher ID: 2359-3997000000335
                DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000335
                PMC ID: 10065316
                PubMed ID: 33905631
                SO-VID: 5497a82a-61e5-4c92-889e-513dfc0d06d4
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 31 August 2020
                Date accepted : 18 November 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 5, Equations: 0, References: 120
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                Keywords: hypopituitarism,central hypothyroidism,secondary adrenal insufficiency,central hypogonadism and gh deficiency
                Data availability:
                Keywords: hypopituitarism, central hypothyroidism, secondary adrenal insufficiency, central hypogonadism and gh deficiency

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