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      The association between blood vitamins D and E with age-related macular degeneration: A pilot study

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          Abstract

          Background

          This study was aimed to evaluate the association of serum vitamins D and E level with age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

          Methods

          This pilot study was performed in two groups of 15 patients in treatment group and 15 patients in control group. Measurements of blood factors [such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)] were performed after 12 h of fasting. To measure vitamins D and E, the serum was isolated from 5 cc blood samples.

          Results

          HDL was higher in the control group as compared with the AMD group. However, no significant difference was found between the two groups ( p = 0.08). On the other hand, serum vitamin E in the AMD group was remarkably higher as compared to the control group ( p < 0.002). However, no significant difference was found in serum vitamin D levels between the two groups ( p = 0.662). Our findings also revealed that there was no statistically significant relationship between BMI and AMD. Moreover, no significant correlation was determined between serum CRP and AMD ( p = 0.96).

          Conclusions

          Our data indicated that none provides evidence for associations between AMD and serum vitamin D levels. The association between vitamin D and AMD requires further investigations in a large population studies, to elucidate whether vitamin D deficiency can be an important risk factor for AMD.

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          Most cited references49

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          Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in the United States.

          David Friedman, Benita J O'Colmain, Beatriz Mateos Muñoz … (2004)
          To estimate the prevalence and distribution of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the United States by age, race/ethnicity, and gender. Summary prevalence estimates of drusen 125 microm or larger, neovascular AMD, and geographic atrophy were prepared separately for black and white persons in 5-year age intervals starting at 40 years. The estimated rates were based on a meta-analysis of recent population-based studies in the United States, Australia, and Europe. These rates were applied to 2000 US Census data and to projected US population figures for 2020 to estimate the number of the US population with drusen and AMD. The overall prevalence of neovascular AMD and/or geographic atrophy in the US population 40 years and older is estimated to be 1.47% (95% confidence interval, 1.38%-1.55%), with 1.75 million citizens having AMD. The prevalence of AMD increased dramatically with age, with more than 15% of the white women older than 80 years having neovascular AMD and/or geographic atrophy. More than 7 million individuals had drusen measuring 125 microm or larger and were, therefore, at substantial risk of developing AMD. Owing to the rapidly aging population, the number of persons having AMD will increase by 50% to 2.95 million in 2020. Age-related macular degeneration was far more prevalent among white than among black persons. Age-related macular degeneration affects more than 1.75 million individuals in the United States. Owing to the rapid aging of the US population, this number will increase to almost 3 million by 2020.
          Article 0 comments Cited 560 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Age-related macular degeneration.

            Hanna R. Coleman, Chi-Chao Chan, Frederick L Ferris … (2008)
            Age-related macular degeneration is the leading cause of blindness in elderly populations of European descent. The most consistent risk factors associated with this ocular condition are increasing age and cigarette smoking. Genetic investigations have shown that complement factor H, a regulator of the alternative complement pathway, and LOC387715/HtrA1 are the most consistent genetic risk factors for age-related macular degeneration. Although the pathogenesis of this disease is unknown, oxidative stress might have an important role. Treatment with antioxidant vitamins and zinc can reduce the risk of developing advanced age-related macular degeneration by about a quarter in those at least at moderate risk. Intravitreal injections of ranibizumab, a monoclonal antibody that inhibits all forms of vascular endothelial growth factor, have been shown to stabilise loss of vision and, in some cases, improve vision in individuals with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. These findings, combined with assessments of possible environmental and genetic interactions and new approaches to modulate inflammatory pathways, will hopefully further expand our ability to understand and treat age-related macular degeneration.
            Article 0 comments Cited 169 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Dietary carotenoids, vitamins A, C, and E, and advanced age-related macular degeneration. Eye Disease Case-Control Study Group.

              J M Seddon, U A Ajani, R Sperduto … (1994)
              OBJECTIVE--To evaluate the relationships between dietary intake of carotenoids and vitamins A, C, and E and the risk of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of irreversible blindness among adults. DESIGN--The multicenter Eye Disease Case-Control Study. SETTING--Five ophthalmology centers in the United States. PATIENTS--A total of 356 case subjects who were diagnosed with the advanced stage of AMD within 1 year prior to their enrollment, aged 55 to 80 years, and residing near a participating clinical center. The 520 control subjects were from the same geographic areas as case subjects, had other ocular diseases, and were frequency-matched to cases according to age and sex. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--The relative risk for AMD was estimated according to dietary indicators of antioxidant status, controlling for smoking and other risk factors, by using multiple logistic-regression analyses. RESULTS--A higher dietary intake of carotenoids was associated with a lower risk for AMD. Adjusting for other risk factors for AMD, we found that those in the highest quintile of carotenoid intake had a 43% lower risk for AMD compared with those in the lowest quintile (odds ratio, 0.57; 95% confidence interval, 0.35 to 0.92; P for trend = .02). Among the specific carotenoids, lutein and zeaxanthin, which are primarily obtained from dark green, leafy vegetables, were most strongly associated with a reduced risk for AMD (P for trend = .001). Several food items rich in carotenoids were inversely associated with AMD. In particular, a higher frequency of intake of spinach or collard greens was associated with a substantially lower risk for AMD (P for trend < .001). The intake of preformed vitamin A (retinol) was not appreciably related to AMD. Neither vitamin E nor total vitamin C consumption was associated with a statistically significant reduced risk for AMD, although a possibly lower risk for AMD was suggested among those with higher intake of vitamin C, particularly from foods. CONCLUSION--Increasing the consumption of foods rich in certain carotenoids, in particular dark green, leafy vegetables, may decrease the risk of developing advanced or exudative AMD, the most visually disabling form of macular degeneration among older people. These findings support the need for further studies of this relationship.
              Article 0 comments Cited 140 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (pmc): imas
                Journal ID (publisher-id): IMAS
                Title: Interventional Medicine and Applied Science
                Abbreviated Title: IMAS
                Publisher: Akadémiai Kiadó (Budapest )
                ISSN (Print): 2061-1617
                ISSN (Electronic): 2061-5094
                Publication date (Electronic, epub): 25 July 2018
                Publication date (Print, ppub): September 2018
                Volume: 10
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 127-132
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ]Department of Geriatric Medicine, Ziaeian Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
                [ 2 ]Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Ziaeian Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
                [ 3 ]Ziaean Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
                [ 4 ]Ophthalmology Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
                [ 5 ]Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
                [ 6 ]Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
                [ 7 ]Department and Faculty of Medical Sciences and Technology, Islamic Azad University , Tehran, Iran
                [ 8 ]Department of Ophthalmology, Ziaeian Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author: Asghar Mollazadeh Jelodar; Department of Ophthalmology, Ziaeian Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1366736511, Iran; Phone: +98 91 2387 3622; Fax: +98 55 751 333; E-mail: dr.as.mollazadeh@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                DOI: 10.1556/1646.10.2018.22
                PMC ID: 6343581
                PubMed ID: 30713750
                SO-VID: 55201a40-04ba-4e9a-8ffc-6620b1e3cd9d
                Copyright © © 2018 The Author(s)
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial purposes, provided the original author and source are credited, a link to the CC License is provided, and changes – if any – are indicated.

                History
                Date received : 27 February 2018
                Date revision received : 21 March 2018
                Date accepted : 16 April 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 1, Equations: 1, References: 46, Pages: 6
                Funding
                Funding sources: This study had no funding body.
                Categories
                Subject: ORIGINAL PAPER

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine,Immunology,Health & Social care,Microbiology & Virology,Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: age-related macular degeneration,healthy lifestyles,vitamins D and E,blood factors,serum
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine, Immunology, Health & Social care, Microbiology & Virology, Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: age-related macular degeneration, healthy lifestyles, vitamins D and E, blood factors, serum

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