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      Altered default mode network connectivity in adolescents with post-traumatic stress disorder

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          Abstract

          Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by intrusions, re-experiencing, avoidance and hyperarousal. These symptoms might be linked to dysfunction in core neurocognitive networks subserving self-referential mental processing (default mode network, DMN), detection of salient stimuli (salience network, SN) and cognitive dysfunction (central executive network, CEN). Resting state studies in adolescent PTSD are scarce and findings are inconsistent, probably due to differences in patient symptom severity. Resting state brain activity was measured in 14 adolescents with severe PTSD and 24 age-matched controls. Seed-based connectivity analyses were used to examine connectivity between the DMN and the whole brain, including regions from other networks (SN and CEN). The relationships of network properties with symptom dimensions (severity, anxiety and depression) and episodic memory were also examined. Analyses revealed decreased within-DMN connectivity (between PCC and occipital cortex) in patients compared to controls. Furthermore, within-DMN connectivity (between PCC and hippocampus) correlated negatively with symptom dimensions (severity and anxiety), while increased connectivity (DMN-SN and DMN-CEN) correlated positively with episodic memory measures. These abnormal network properties found in adolescent PTSD corroborate those previously reported in adult PTSD. Decreased within-DMN connectivity and disrupted DMN-SN and DMN-CEN coupling could form the basis for intrusive trauma recollection and impaired episodic autobiographical recall in PTSD.

          Highlights

          • •

            Adolescent PTSD is linked to dysfunction in core neurocognitive networks.

          • •

            Results show decreased within-DMN connectivity in patients compared to controls.

          • •

            Within-DMN connectivity correlates negatively with severity and anxiety.

          • •

            Increased DMN-SN connectivity correlates positively with episodic memory.

          • •

            Disrupted connectivity may form the basis for intrusive trauma recollection in PTSD.

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          Most cited references53

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          Neurocircuitry models of posttraumatic stress disorder and extinction: human neuroimaging research--past, present, and future.

          Scott L Rauch, Lisa Shin, Elizabeth A Phelps (2006)
          The prevailing neurocircuitry models of anxiety disorders have been amygdalocentric in form. The bases for such models have progressed from theoretical considerations, extrapolated from research in animals, to in vivo human imaging data. For example, one current model of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been highly influenced by knowledge from rodent fear conditioning research. Given the phenomenological parallels between fear conditioning and the pathogenesis of PTSD, we have proposed that PTSD is characterized by exaggerated amygdala responses (subserving exaggerated acquisition of fear associations and expression of fear responses) and deficient frontal cortical function (mediating deficits in extinction and the capacity to suppress attention/response to trauma-related stimuli), as well as deficient hippocampal function (mediating deficits in appreciation of safe contexts and explicit learning/memory). Neuroimaging studies have yielded convergent findings in support of this model. However, to date, neuroimaging investigations of PTSD have not principally employed conditioning and extinction paradigms per se. The recent development of such imaging probes now sets the stage for directly testing hypotheses regarding the neural substrates of fear conditioning and extinction abnormalities in PTSD.
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            Inter-rater reliability of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID I) and Axis II Disorders (SCID II).

            Jill Lobbestael, Maartje Leurgans, Arnoud Arntz (2010)
            This study simultaneously assessed the inter-rater reliability of the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Axis I (SCID I) and Axis II disorders (SCID II) in a mixed sample of n = 151 inpatients and outpatients, and non-patient controls. Audiotaped interviews were assessed by independent second raters blind for the first raters' scores and diagnoses. Categorical inter-rater reliability was assessed for 12 Axis I disorders of SCID I, while both categorical and dimensional inter-rater reliability was tested for all Axis II disorders. Results revealed moderate to excellent inter-rater agreement of the Axis I disorders, while most categorically and dimensionally measured personality disorders showed excellent inter-rater agreement. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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              Statistical improvements in functional magnetic resonance imaging analyses produced by censoring high-motion data points.

              Joshua S Siegel, Jonathan D. Power, Joseph Dubis … (2014)
              Subject motion degrades the quality of task functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. Here, we test two classes of methods to counteract the effects of motion in task fMRI data: (1) a variety of motion regressions and (2) motion censoring ("motion scrubbing"). In motion regression, various regressors based on realignment estimates were included as nuisance regressors in general linear model (GLM) estimation. In motion censoring, volumes in which head motion exceeded a threshold were withheld from GLM estimation. The effects of each method were explored in several task fMRI data sets and compared using indicators of data quality and signal-to-noise ratio. Motion censoring decreased variance in parameter estimates within- and across-subjects, reduced residual error in GLM estimation, and increased the magnitude of statistical effects. Motion censoring performed better than all forms of motion regression and also performed well across a variety of parameter spaces, in GLMs with assumed or unassumed response shapes. We conclude that motion censoring improves the quality of task fMRI data and can be a valuable processing step in studies involving populations with even mild amounts of head movement. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Armelle Viard
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Neuroimage Clin
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Neuroimage Clin
                Title: NeuroImage : Clinical
                Publisher: Elsevier
                ISSN (Electronic): 2213-1582
                Publication date PMC-release: 22 February 2019
                Publication date Collection: 2019
                Publication date (Electronic): 22 February 2019
                Volume: 22
                Electronic Location Identifier: 101731
                Affiliations
                [a ]Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000 Caen, France
                [b ]INCIA CNRS UMR 5287, PSL Research University, EPHE, Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
                [c ]CHU de Caen, Service de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Caen, France
                [d ]CHU de Rouen, Fédération hospitalo-universitaire de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, Rouen, France
                [e ]CHGR Rennes-I, Service de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Rennes, France
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author at: UMR_S 1077 INSERM-EPHE-UNICAEN, Centre Cyceron, Bvd Becquerel, F-14074 Caen, Cedex, France. viard@ 123456cyceron.fr
                Article
                Publisher ID: S2213-1582(19)30081-6 Publisher ID: 101731
                DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101731
                PMC ID: 6402428
                PubMed ID: 30831461
                SO-VID: 5631f954-1f92-4142-844f-bb19523f149a
                Copyright © © 2019 The Authors
                License:

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 11 July 2018
                Date revision received : 14 February 2019
                Date accepted : 20 February 2019
                Categories
                Subject: Regular Article

                Keywords: default mode network,episodic memory,functional connectivity,post-traumatic stress disorder
                Data availability:
                Keywords: default mode network, episodic memory, functional connectivity, post-traumatic stress disorder

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