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      INITIAL CLINICAL PRESENTATION IN CASES OF INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM IN A REFERENCE CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL: STILL A DIAGNOSTIC CHALLENGE Translated title: APRESENTAÇÃO CLÍNICA INICIAL DOS CASOS DE ERROS INATOS DO METABOLISMO DE UM HOSPITAL PEDIÁTRICO DE REFERÊNCIA: AINDA UM DESAFIO DIAGNÓSTICO

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          ABSTRACT

          Objective:

          To assess the initial clinical presentation of confirmed cases of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) at a reference facility for pediatric care.

          Methods:

          Cross-sectional, observational and descriptive study with data collection of outpatients, from January 2009 to December 2013. Inclusion criterion: referral to IEM investigation. Exclusion criterion: prior diagnosis of IEM. Analyzed variables: identification data; status of diagnostic investigation; family history of IEM; initial clinical presentation, laboratory abnormalities related to the hypothesis of IEM. Descriptive statistical methods were used in the data analysis.

          Results:

          We included 144 patients in the study, of which 62.5% were male. The mean and median ages were, respectively, 4.3 ± 4.7 years and 2.6 years. Twelve patients (8.3%) had a confirmed diagnosis of IEM (three with aminoacidopathies, three with organic acidemias, two with urea cycle disorders and four with lysosomal storage diseases). Cognitive impairment and seizures were the initial signs and symptoms, followed by growth retardation, neuropsychomotor developmental delay, seizures and hepatomegaly. The main laboratory abnormalities in the diagnosis were hyperammonemia and metabolic acidosis.

          Conclusions:

          The diagnosis of IEM still creates challenges to the pediatric practice. In this study, we identified the following factors: difficulty to access specific laboratory tests, reduced number of experts and poor dissemination of knowledge among healthcare schools. The early diagnosis of IEM majorly impacts the treatment and prevention of sequelae and should be considered in the initial diagnostic hypotheses.

          RESUMO

          Objetivo:

          Avaliar a apresentação clínica inicial dos casos com diagnóstico confirmado de erros inatos do metabolismo (EIM) em um serviço de referência em atendimento pediátrico.

          Métodos:

          Estudo clínico, observacional, com delineamento transversal e de coleta retrospectiva em consulta ambulatorial de 2009 a 2013. Critério de inclusão: paciente encaminhado para investigação de EIM. Critério de exclusão: diagnóstico prévio de EIM. Variáveis analisadas: dados de identificação; situação atual da investigação diagnóstica; história familiar; apresentação clínica inicial; alterações laboratoriais. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva

          Resultados:

          Incluídos 144 pacientes, sendo 62,5% do sexo masculino. A mediana de idade foi de 2,6 anos e a média de 4,3 ± 4,7 anos. Doze pacientes (8,3%) tiveram o diagnóstico confirmado (três com aminoacidopatias, três com acidemias orgânicas, dois com distúrbios do ciclo da ureia e quatro com doenças de depósito lisossômico). Déficit cognitivo e convulsões foram os sinais e sintomas iniciais; seguidos de retardo de crescimento, atraso do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor, convulsões e hepatomegalia. As principais alterações laboratoriais encontradas foram hiperamonemia e acidose metabólica.

          Conclusões:

          O diagnóstico dos EIM ainda traz desafios à prática pediátrica. Neste estudo foram identificados os seguintes fatores: dificuldade de acesso aos exames laboratoriais específicos, reduzido número de especialistas e pouca difusão do conhecimento nas faculdades da área da saúde. O diagnóstico precoce dos EIM tem impacto fundamental no tratamento e prevenção das sequelas, devendo ser considerado já nas hipóteses diagnósticas iniciais.

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          Most cited references17

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          The incidence of inherited metabolic disorders in the West Midlands, UK.

          Inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs) are a heterogeneous group of genetic conditions mostly occurring in childhood. They are individually rare but collectively numerous, causing substantial morbidity and mortality. To obtain up-to-date estimates of the birth prevalence of IMDs in an ethnically diverse British population and to compare these estimates with those of other published population-based studies. Retrospective data from the West Midlands Regional Diagnostic Laboratory for Inherited Metabolic Disorders (Birmingham, UK) for the 5 years (1999-2003) were examined. The West Midlands population of 5.2 million is approximately 10% of the UK population. Approximately 11% of the population of the region is from black and ethnic minority groups compared with approximately 8% for the the UK. The overall birth prevalence was 1 in 784 live births (95% confidence interval (CI) 619 to 970), based on a total of 396 new cases. The most frequent diagnoses were mitochondrial disorders (1 in 4929; 95% CI 2776 to 8953), lysosomal storage disorders (1 in 5175; 95% CI 2874 to 9551), amino acid disorders excluding phenylketonuria (1 in 5354; 95% CI 2943 to 9990) and organic acid disorders (1 in 7962; 95% CI 3837 to 17 301). Most of the diagnoses (72%) were made by the age of 15 years and one-third by the age of 1 year. These results are similar to those of the comparison studies, although the overall birth prevalence is higher in this study. This is probably due to the effects of ethnicity and consanguinity and increasing ascertainment. This study provides useful epidemiological information for those planning and providing services for patients with IMDs, including newborn screening, in the UK and similar populations.
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            Pattern of inborn errors of metabolism in an Omani population of the Arabian Peninsula.

            We analysed all patients < 18 years of age diagnosed with inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) in the Metabolic Division, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman from June 1998 to December 2000. A total of 82 patients from 76 families were studied, of whom 33 (40%) were aged < 1 week at presentation. Disorders identified included different lysosomal storage disorders (22), organic acidurias (9), carbohydrate metabolic disorders (9), congenital lactic acidosis (9), urea cycle disorders (8), amino acidopathies (8), fatty acid oxidation defects (7/82) and various other miscellaneous disorders (10). Tandem mass spectrometry helped in the diagnosis of 26 (32%) cases. Parental consanguinity was twice as frequent in the study patients as in the general population. Duration of follow-up ranged from 1 to 30 months (median 15) during which time 46/56 (82%) patients with disorders amenable to specific dietary and drug therapy available in Oman were free from frequent exacerbation. Our study shows the relevance of identifying patients with IEM in Oman and the need to establish screening for the conditions identified and provide effective management protocols.
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              • Article: not found

              Study of inherited metabolic disorders in Singapore - 13 years experience.

              Recommended by the National Advisory Council of the Disabled, the Ministry of Health of Singapore supported a nationwide study of inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs). When the 5-year project ended, investigations were provided as a diagnostic service. This paper documents our 13-year experience.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Rev Paul Pediatr
                Rev Paul Pediatr
                rpp
                Revista Paulista de Pediatria
                Sociedade de Pediatria de São Paulo
                0103-0582
                1984-0462
                31 July 2017
                Jul-Sep 2017
                : 35
                : 3
                : 258-264
                Affiliations
                [a ]Hospital Ministro Costa Cavalcanti, Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brasil.
                [b ]Maternidade Carmela Dutra, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil.
                [c ]Hospital Infantil Joana de Gusmão, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil.
                [d ]Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
                Author notes
                [* ]Autor correspondente. E-mail: lapagesselou@ 123456gmail.com (L.L.C. Pinto).

                Conflito de interesses: Os autores declaram não haver conflito de interesses.

                Article
                S0103-05822017005006108
                10.1590/1984-0462/;2017;35;3;00012
                5606180
                5682691f-7c75-47a1-94f2-13b5c8904868

                Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto sob uma licença Creative Commons

                History
                : 23 August 2016
                : 01 December 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 8, Equations: 0, References: 18, Pages: 7
                Categories
                Original Articles

                inborn errors of metabolism,clinical symptoms,diagnosis,child

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