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      International Journal of Nanomedicine (submit here)

      This international, peer-reviewed Open Access journal by Dove Medical Press focuses on the application of nanotechnology in diagnostics, therapeutics, and drug delivery systems throughout the biomedical field. Sign up for email alerts here.

      105,621 Monthly downloads/views I 7.033 Impact Factor I 10.9 CiteScore I 1.22 Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) I 1.032 Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR)

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      Nanotechnology-enabled materials for hemostatic and anti-infection treatments in orthopedic surgery

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          Abstract

          The hemostatic and anti-infection treatments in the field of orthopedics are always the pivotal yet challenging topics. In the first part of this review, synthesized or naturally derived nanoscale agents and materials for hemostatic treatment in orthopedic surgery are introduced. The hemostatic mechanisms and the safety concerns of these nanotechnology-enabled materials are discussed. Beside the materials to meet hemostatic needs in orthopedic surgery, the need for antimicrobial or anti-infection strategy in orthopedic surgery also becomes urgent. Nanosilver and its derivatives have the most consistent anti-infective effect and thus high translational potential for clinical applications. In the second part, the factors affecting the antimicrobial effect of nanosilver and its application status are summarized. Finally, the status and translational potential of various nanotechnology-enabled materials and agents for hemostatic and anti-infective treatments in orthopedic surgery are discussed.

          Most cited references105

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          Negligible particle-specific antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles.

          Zong-ming Xiu, Qing-bo Zhang, Hema L Puppala … (2012)
          For nearly a decade, researchers have debated the mechanisms by which AgNPs exert toxicity to bacteria and other organisms. The most elusive question has been whether the AgNPs exert direct "particle-specific" effects beyond the known antimicrobial activity of released silver ions (Ag(+)). Here, we infer that Ag(+) is the definitive molecular toxicant. We rule out direct particle-specific biological effects by showing the lack of toxicity of AgNPs when synthesized and tested under strictly anaerobic conditions that preclude Ag(0) oxidation and Ag(+) release. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the toxicity of various AgNPs (PEG- or PVP- coated, of three different sizes each) accurately follows the dose-response pattern of E. coli exposed to Ag(+) (added as AgNO(3)). Surprisingly, E. coli survival was stimulated by relatively low (sublethal) concentration of all tested AgNPs and AgNO(3) (at 3-8 μg/L Ag(+), or 12-31% of the minimum lethal concentration (MLC)), suggesting a hormetic response that would be counterproductive to antimicrobial applications. Overall, this work suggests that AgNP morphological properties known to affect antimicrobial activity are indirect effectors that primarily influence Ag(+) release. Accordingly, antibacterial activity could be controlled (and environmental impacts could be mitigated) by modulating Ag(+) release, possibly through manipulation of oxygen availability, particle size, shape, and/or type of coating.
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            Nanomedicine: current status and future prospects.

            S Moein Moghimi, J Clifford Murray, J. Clifford Murray (2005)
            Applications of nanotechnology for treatment, diagnosis, monitoring, and control of biological systems has recently been referred to as "nanomedicine" by the National Institutes of Health. Research into the rational delivery and targeting of pharmaceutical, therapeutic, and diagnostic agents is at the forefront of projects in nanomedicine. These involve the identification of precise targets (cells and receptors) related to specific clinical conditions and choice of the appropriate nanocarriers to achieve the required responses while minimizing the side effects. Mononuclear phagocytes, dendritic cells, endothelial cells, and cancers (tumor cells, as well as tumor neovasculature) are key targets. Today, nanotechnology and nanoscience approaches to particle design and formulation are beginning to expand the market for many drugs and are forming the basis for a highly profitable niche within the industry, but some predicted benefits are hyped. This article will highlight rational approaches in design and surface engineering of nanoscale vehicles and entities for site-specific drug delivery and medical imaging after parenteral administration. Potential pitfalls or side effects associated with nanoparticles are also discussed.
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              Ion release kinetics and particle persistence in aqueous nano-silver colloids.

              Jingyu Liu, Robert H Hurt (2010)
              Many important aspects of nanosilver behavior are influenced by the ionic activity associated with the particle suspension, including antibacterial potency, eukaryotic toxicity, environmental release, and particle persistence.The present study synthesizes pure, ion-free, citrate-stabilized nanosilver (nAg) colloids as model systems, and measures their time-dependent release of dissolved silver using centrifugal ultrafiltration and atomic absorption spectroscopy. Ion release is shown to be a cooperative oxidation process requiring both dissolved dioxygen and protons. It produces peroxide intermediates, and proceeds to complete reactive dissolution under some conditions. Ion release rates increase with temperature in the range 0-37 °C, and decrease with increasing pH or addition of humic or fulvic acids. Sea salts have only a minor effect on dissolved silver release. Silver nanoparticle surfaces can adsorb Ag(+), so even simple colloids contain three forms of silver: Ag(0) solids, free Ag(+) or its complexes, and surface-adsorbed Ag(+). Both thermodynamic analysis and kinetic measurements indicate that Ag(0) nanoparticles will not be persistent in realistic environmental compartments containing dissolved oxygen. An empirical kinetic law is proposed that reproduces the observed effects of dissolution time, pH, humic/fulvic acid content, and temperature observed here in the low range of nanosilver concentration most relevant for the environment.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Nanomedicine
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Nanomedicine
                Journal ID (publisher-id): International Journal of Nanomedicine
                Title: International Journal of Nanomedicine
                Publisher: Dove Medical Press
                ISSN (Print): 1176-9114
                ISSN (Electronic): 1178-2013
                Publication date Collection: 2018
                Publication date (Electronic): 06 December 2018
                Volume: 13
                Pages: 8325-8338
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China, chundeli@ 123456yeah.cn
                [2 ]International Research Center for Translational Orthopaedics (IRCTO), Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China, leiy@ 123456suda.edu.cn
                [3 ]Orthopaedic Institute and Department of Orthopaedics, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China, leiy@ 123456suda.edu.cn
                [4 ]School of Public Health, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
                [5 ]School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Lei Yang, Orthopaedic Institute and Department of Orthopaedics, Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou 215006, China, Email leiy@ 123456suda.edu.cn
                Chunde Li, Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Beijing 100034, China, Email chundeli@ 123456yeah.cn
                [*]

                These authors contributed equally to this work

                Article
                Publisher ID: ijn-13-8325
                DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S173063
                PMC ID: 6289228
                PubMed ID: 30584303
                SO-VID: 59a87cad-81cf-4c80-89bf-fdea9263b7c8
                Copyright © © 2018 Sun et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited
                License:

                The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

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                Subject: Review

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular medicine
                Keywords: nanotechnology,hemostatic,antimicrobial,orthopedic surgery
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular medicine
                Keywords: nanotechnology, hemostatic, antimicrobial, orthopedic surgery

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