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      Undergraduate research in medicine: A summary of the evidence on problems, solutions and outcomes

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          Abstract

          Scientific research plays a fundamental role in current medical practice and it is of great importance that medical students relate to it from the beginning of their professional career, since it generates multiple benefits that will be reflected during the course of their careers as university students and future professionals. However, getting involved in research during the undergraduate years is not always easy, as there are different obstacles and challenges that result in a reduced number of research students. Because of this, it is necessary to adopt appropriate strategies and measures to help facilitate this process, in order to foster the early development of essential skills that will facilitate responsible clinical practice. Knowing the evidence on this issue is fundamental to propose educational solutions depending on each context.

          Highlights

          • Undergraduate research is the best way to promote the curriculum.

          • Undergraduate research increases the likelihood of publishing articles of higher quality.

          • Undergraduate research increases the likelihood of publishing more articles.

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          Most cited references62

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          A review of literature on medical students and scholarly research: experiences, attitudes, and outcomes.

          The aim of medical student research programs is to develop interest in and competencies related to scholarly research within future physicians. Although schools invest in these programs, there is currently no consensus regarding what benefits they confer. The goal of this review is to characterize students' perceptions of research programs during medical school as well as the outcomes attributed to these programs to provide recommendations for their optimization.
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            Medical students' perceptions of an undergraduate research elective.

            Recent years have seen a steady decline in the number of new physician-investigators (Association of American Medical Colleges, 2000). To encourage medical students to select research careers, the Queen's University Faculty of Health Sciences curriculum includes a mandatory Critical Enquiry elective in the 2nd year. An anonymous written survey was administered to medical students before and after the elective to determine their perceptions of the value of the elective and its impact on their decision to pursue a career in medical research. There was a significant increase in the number of students expressing an interest in pursuing a research career following the elective (35-42%, p = 0.029). Students recognized other benefits including the development of critical appraisal, information literacy, and critical thinking skills; and the opportunity to select an area of and form contacts for postgraduate training. Even students who choose not to pursue careers in medical research perceive benefits to a mandatory undergraduate research elective.
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              The reality of scientific research in Latin America; an insider’s perspective

              There is tremendous disparity in scientific productivity among nations, particularly in Latin America. At first sight, this could be linked to the relative economic health of the different countries of the region, but even large and relatively rich Latin American countries do not produce a good level of science. Although Latin America has increased the number of its scientists and research institutions in recent years, the gap between developed countries and Latin American countries is startling. The prime importance of science and technology to the development of a nation remains unacknowledged. The major factors contributing to low scientific productivity are the limited access to grant opportunities, inadequate budgets, substandard levels of laboratory infrastructure and equipment, the high cost and limited supply of reagents, and inadequate salaries and personal insecurity of scientists. The political and economic instability in several Latin America countries results in a lack of long-term goals that are essential to the development of science. In Latin America, science is not an engine of the economy. Most equipment and supplies are imported, and national industries are not given the incentives to produce these goods at home. It is a pity that Latin American society has become accustomed to expect new science and technological developments to come from developed countries rather than from their own scientists. In this article, we present a critical view of the Latin American investigator's daily life, particularly in the area of biomedicine. Too many bright young minds continue to leave Latin America for developed countries, where they are very successful. However, we still have many enthusiastic young graduates who want to make a career in science and contribute to society. Governments need to improve the status of science for the sake of these young graduates who represent the intellectual and economic future of their countries.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Ann Med Surg (Lond)
                Ann Med Surg (Lond)
                Annals of Medicine and Surgery
                Elsevier
                2049-0801
                25 January 2022
                February 2022
                25 January 2022
                : 74
                : 103280
                Affiliations
                [a ]Medical and Surgical Research Center, Future Surgeons Chapter, Colombian Surgery Association, Cartagena, Colombia
                [b ]Grupo Prometheus y Biomedicina Aplicada a las Ciencias Clinicas, School of Medicine, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
                [c ]School of Medicine, Universidad CES, Medellin, Colombia
                [d ]Grupo de Interés en Dermatología y Medicina Interna (DERMIUTP), School of Medicine, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia
                [e ]School of Medicine, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
                [f ]School of Medicine, Universidad de Nariño, Pasto, Colombia
                [g ]School of Medicine, Universidad de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
                [h ]Independent University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
                Author notes
                []Corresponding author. sabrinaemz25@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                S2049-0801(22)00040-1 103280
                10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103280
                8807964
                35127067
                59b529d0-d697-4100-aa2e-2168c9a81806
                © 2022 The Authors

                This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 7 January 2022
                : 22 January 2022
                Categories
                Review

                research,undergraduate medical education,evidence-based medicine,curriculum

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