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      EFECTIVIDAD DE LA HIPEROXIGENACIÓN MATERNA Y TOCOLISIS AGUDA EN MONITOREO ELECTRÓNICO FETAL INTRAPARTO ALTERADO

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          Abstract

          El trabajo de parto es un evento de riesgo para hipoxia fetal aguda, lo que puede detectarse en alteraciones del Monitoreo Electrónico Fetal Intraparto (MEFI). Frente a un MEFI sugerente de hipoxemia fetal, existen maniobras estándar de resucitación intrauterina como lateralización de la paciente, aporte de volumen intravenoso y suspensión de la infusión oxitócica. Se debate la utilidad de la hiperoxigenación materna y la tocolisis aguda. Revisamos la evidencia científica relevante sobre la utilidad y seguridad de estas dos maniobras. Encontramos sólo limitada evidencia respecto del efecto benéfico de la hiperoxigenación materna frente a alteraciones del MEFI, existiendo dudas de su inocuidad. La tocolisis aguda ha demostrado ser eficaz en lograr la normalización del MEFI, independiente de la presencia de hiperactividad uterina, con una efectividad cercana al 80%. La evidencia apoya el uso de B-miméticos y Nitroglicerina. Recomendamos incluir en la práctica clínica habitual la tocolisis aguda y la hiperoxigenación materna sólo por lapsos breves, junto a las maniobras habituales de resucitación intrauterina frente a un MEFI alterado.

          Translated abstract

          Labor is a risk condition for acute fetal hypoxia, this hypoxia can be detected by using cardiotocography (CTG). When CTG suggest hypoxia, intrauterine resuscitation techniques must be implemented, such as lateral positioning of the mother, intravenous fluid administration and suspension of oxytocin administration. Among intrauterine resuscitation techniques it is discussed the use of maternal hyperoxygenation and acute tocolysis. Here we review the evidence supporting utility and safety of these two techniques. We found only limited evidence supporting the beneficial role of maternal hyperoxygenation after nonreassuring CTG, plus concerns about its safety. Acute tocolysis has proven to be efficient in normalizing CTG, independent of the presence of uterine hyperactivity, with an overall benefit of 80%. Evidence supports the use of B-mimetics and nitroglycerin. We recommend to include acute tocolysis and maternal hyperoxygenation (just for limited time), among intrauterine resuscitation techniques for abnormal CTG.

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          Most cited references48

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          Electronic fetal heart rate monitoring: Research guidelines for interpretation

          (1997)
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            The effect of maternal oxygen administration during the second stage of labor on umbilical cord blood gas values: a randomized controlled prospective trial.

            Our aim was to determine whether supplemental oxygen during the second stage of normal labor affects cord blood gas and cooximetry values.
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              Intrauterine resuscitation: active management of fetal distress.

              Acute fetal distress in labour is a condition of progressive fetal asphyxia with hypoxia and acidosis. It is usually diagnosed by finding characteristic features in the fetal heart rate pattern, wherever possible supported by fetal scalp pH measurement. Intrauterine resuscitation consists of applying specific measures with the aim of increasing oxygen delivery to the placenta and umbilical blood flow, in order to reverse hypoxia and acidosis. These measures include initial left lateral recumbent positioning followed by right lateral or knee-elbow if necessary, rapid intravenous infusion of a litre of non-glucose crystalloid, maternal oxygen administration at the highest practical inspired percentage, inhibition of uterine contractions usually with subcutaneous or intravenous terbutaline 250 microg, and intra-amniotic infusion of warmed crystalloid solution. Specific manoeuvres for umbilical cord prolapse are also described. Intrauterine resuscitation may be used as part of the obstetric management of labour, while preparing for caesarean delivery for fetal distress, or at the time of establishment of regional analgesia during labour in the compromised fetus. The principles may also be applied during inter-hospital transfers of sick or labouring parturients.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rchog
                Revista chilena de obstetricia y ginecología
                Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol.
                Sociedad Chilena de Obstetricia y Ginecología (Santiago, , Chile )
                0048-766X
                0717-7526
                2009
                : 74
                : 4
                : 247-252
                Affiliations
                [02] orgnamePontificia Universidad Católica de Chile orgdiv1Unidad de Medicina Materno Fetal, Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología Chile
                [01] orgnameHospital Dr. Sótero del Río orgdiv1Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología Chile
                Article
                S0717-75262009000400007 S0717-7526(09)07400407
                10.4067/S0717-75262009000400007
                59cb6773-fc91-4992-946a-0c9d201cd87c

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 35, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                Trabajos Originales

                tocolisis intraparto,acute tocolysis,Cardiotocography,maternal hyperoxygenation,hipoxia fetal,intrauterine resuscitation,resucitación intrauterina,Monitoreo electrónico fetal intraparto,fetal hypoxia,hiperoxigenación materna

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