Governança federal na construção da política de enfrentamento à COVID-19 na atenção primária à saúde brasileira  <span class="so-article-trans-title" dir="auto"> Translated title: Federal governance in building the policy to combat the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazilian primary health care </span>

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Abstract

Resumo Este artigo objetiva descrever e analisar o processo de pactuação federal da política de enfrentamento à pandemia de COVID-19 no âmbito da atenção primária à saúde (APS). Trata-se de um estudo de análise de políticas para o qual se realizou pesquisa documental exploratória buscando identificar os registros dos debates e publicações oficiais do Ministério da Saúde acerca das políticas/orientações relacionadas à gestão e ao trabalho na APS ao longo da pandemia. À luz do referencial de governança em políticas públicas, procedeu-se à análise de conteúdo dos achados. O debate sobre o tema foi identificado em 23 reuniões/encontros oficiais, em sua maioria no âmbito da gestão, sendo menores os espaços científicos e de participação popular. No que se refere ao conteúdo das 34 publicações ministeriais, apenas 15 haviam sido discutidas previamente com outras representações institucionais. Não apenas pela pouca propensão aos debates, mas pelas contradições e ausências percebidas ao se concatenar o conteúdo das discussões e das publicações oficiais, percebeu-se evidente descoordenação central, rompimento do pacto federativo e hierarquização do modelo histórico de governança em redes no Sistema Único de Saúde, induzidos pela agenda autoritária e negacionista da Presidência da República.

Translated abstract

Abstract This article aims to describe and analyze the process of federal agreement of the policy to combat the COVID-19 pandemic within the scope of primary health care (PHC). This is a policy analysis study for which exploratory documentary research was conducted seeking to identify the records of debates and official publications of the Ministry of Health on policies/guidelines related to management and work in PHC throughout the pandemic. In the light of the governance framework in public policies, content analysis of the findings was carried out. The debate on the topic was identified in 23 official meetings, mostly in the management sphere, with fewer scientific and popular participation spaces. With respect to the contents of the 34 ministerial publications, only 15 had been previously discussed with other institutional representations. Not only due the lack of propensity for debates, but also because of the contradictions and absences perceived when integrating the content of discussions and official publications, there was a clear lack of central coordination, as well as the rupture of the federative pact and hierarchization of the historical model of governance in networks in the Unified Health System, induced by the authoritarian and denialist agenda of the Presidency of the Republic.

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Organ-specific manifestations of COVID-19 infection

Maria Gavriatopoulou, Eleni Korompoki, Despina Fotiou … (2020)

Although COVID-19 presents primarily as a lower respiratory tract infection transmitted via air droplets, increasing data suggest multiorgan involvement in patients that are infected. This systemic involvement is postulated to be mainly related to the SARS-CoV-2 virus binding on angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors located on several different human cells. Lung involvement is the most common serious manifestation of the disease, ranging from asymptomatic disease or mild pneumonia, to severe disease associated with hypoxia, critical disease associated with shock, respiratory failure and multiorgan failure or death. Among patients with COVID-19, underlying cardiovascular comorbidities including hypertension, diabetes and especially cardiovascular disease, has been associated with adverse outcomes, whereas the emergence of cardiovascular complications, including myocardial injury, heart failure and arrhythmias, has been associated with poor survival. Gastrointestinal symptoms are also frequently encountered and may persist for several days. Haematological complications are frequent as well and have been associated with poor prognosis. Furthermore, recent studies have reported that over a third of infected patients develop a broad spectrum of neurological symptoms affecting the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system and skeletal muscles, including anosmia and ageusia. The skin, the kidneys, the liver, the endocrine organs and the eyes are also affected by the systemic COVID-19 disease. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the organ-specific systemic manifestations of COVID-19.