A magneto-optical biochip for rapid assay based on the Cotton–Mouton effect of γ-Fe <sub>2</sub>O <sub>3</sub>@Au core/shell nanoparticles

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Abstract

Background

In the past decades, different diseases and viruses, such as Ebola, MERS and COVID-19, impacted the human society and caused huge cost in different fields. With the increasing threat from the new or unknown diseases, the demand of rapid and sensitive assay method is more and more urgent.

Results

In this work, we developed a magneto-optical biochip based on the Cotton–Mouton effect of γ-Fe ₂O ₃@Au core/shell magnetic nanoparticles. We performed a proof-of-concept experiment for the detection of the spike glycoprotein S of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The assay was achieved by measuring the magneto-optical Cotton–Mouton effect of the biochip. This magneto-optical biochip can not only be used to detect SARS-CoV-2 but also can be easily modified for other diseases assay.

Conclusion

The assay process is simple and the whole testing time takes only 50 min including 3 min for the CM rotation measurement. The detection limit of our method for the spike glycoprotein S of SARS-CoV-2 is estimated as low as 0.27 ng/mL (3.4 pM).

Graphic abstract

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-01030-z.

Highlights

We developed a biochip for rapid assay based on the magneto-optical Cotton–Mouton (CM) effect of γ-Fe ₂O ₃@Au core/shell magnetic nanoparticles.
The easy and quick assay for detection of the spike glycoprotein S of SARS-CoV-2 was demonstrated, and whole process takes approximately 50 min including 3 min for the CM rotation measurement with the detection limit of 0.27 ng/mL (3.4 pM).
This magneto-optical biochip we proposed can be easily modified to use as assays for other diseases.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-01030-z.

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Most cited references 42

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Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia

Qun Li, Xuhua Guan, Peng Wu … (2020)

Abstract Background The initial cases of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)–infected pneumonia (NCIP) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019 and January 2020. We analyzed data on the first 425 confirmed cases in Wuhan to determine the epidemiologic characteristics of NCIP. Methods We collected information on demographic characteristics, exposure history, and illness timelines of laboratory-confirmed cases of NCIP that had been reported by January 22, 2020. We described characteristics of the cases and estimated the key epidemiologic time-delay distributions. In the early period of exponential growth, we estimated the epidemic doubling time and the basic reproductive number. Results Among the first 425 patients with confirmed NCIP, the median age was 59 years and 56% were male. The majority of cases (55%) with onset before January 1, 2020, were linked to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, as compared with 8.6% of the subsequent cases. The mean incubation period was 5.2 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.1 to 7.0), with the 95th percentile of the distribution at 12.5 days. In its early stages, the epidemic doubled in size every 7.4 days. With a mean serial interval of 7.5 days (95% CI, 5.3 to 19), the basic reproductive number was estimated to be 2.2 (95% CI, 1.4 to 3.9). Conclusions On the basis of this information, there is evidence that human-to-human transmission has occurred among close contacts since the middle of December 2019. Considerable efforts to reduce transmission will be required to control outbreaks if similar dynamics apply elsewhere. Measures to prevent or reduce transmission should be implemented in populations at risk. (Funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China and others.)

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Temporal profiles of viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples and serum antibody responses during infection by SARS-CoV-2: an observational cohort study

Kelvin Kai-Wang To, Owen Tsang, Wai-Shing Leung … (2020)

Summary Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes severe community and nosocomial outbreaks. Comprehensive data for serial respiratory viral load and serum antibody responses from patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are not yet available. Nasopharyngeal and throat swabs are usually obtained for serial viral load monitoring of respiratory infections but gathering these specimens can cause discomfort for patients and put health-care workers at risk. We aimed to ascertain the serial respiratory viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in posterior oropharyngeal (deep throat) saliva samples from patients with COVID-19, and serum antibody responses. Methods We did a cohort study at two hospitals in Hong Kong. We included patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. We obtained samples of blood, urine, posterior oropharyngeal saliva, and rectal swabs. Serial viral load was ascertained by reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Antibody levels against the SARS-CoV-2 internal nucleoprotein (NP) and surface spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) were measured using EIA. Whole-genome sequencing was done to identify possible mutations arising during infection. Findings Between Jan 22, 2020, and Feb 12, 2020, 30 patients were screened for inclusion, of whom 23 were included (median age 62 years [range 37–75]). The median viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva or other respiratory specimens at presentation was 5·2 log10 copies per mL (IQR 4·1–7·0). Salivary viral load was highest during the first week after symptom onset and subsequently declined with time (slope −0·15, 95% CI −0·19 to −0·11; R 2=0·71). In one patient, viral RNA was detected 25 days after symptom onset. Older age was correlated with higher viral load (Spearman's ρ=0·48, 95% CI 0·074–0·75; p=0·020). For 16 patients with serum samples available 14 days or longer after symptom onset, rates of seropositivity were 94% for anti-NP IgG (n=15), 88% for anti-NP IgM (n=14), 100% for anti-RBD IgG (n=16), and 94% for anti-RBD IgM (n=15). Anti-SARS-CoV-2-NP or anti-SARS-CoV-2-RBD IgG levels correlated with virus neutralisation titre (R 2>0·9). No genome mutations were detected on serial samples. Interpretation Posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples are a non-invasive specimen more acceptable to patients and health-care workers. Unlike severe acute respiratory syndrome, patients with COVID-19 had the highest viral load near presentation, which could account for the fast-spreading nature of this epidemic. This finding emphasises the importance of stringent infection control and early use of potent antiviral agents, alone or in combination, for high-risk individuals. Serological assay can complement RT-qPCR for diagnosis. Funding Richard and Carol Yu, May Tam Mak Mei Yin, The Shaw Foundation Hong Kong, Michael Tong, Marina Lee, Government Consultancy Service, and Sanming Project of Medicine.

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Evolution of the novel coronavirus from the ongoing Wuhan outbreak and modeling of its spike protein for risk of human transmission

Xintian Xu, Ping Chen, Jingfang Wang … (2020)

Electronic supplementary material Supporting Information Supporting Information

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Author and article information

Contributors

Kuen-Lin Chen: klchen@phys.nchu.edu.tw

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Nanobiotechnology

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Nanobiotechnology

Title: Journal of Nanobiotechnology

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1477-3155

Publication date (Electronic): 1 October 2021

Publication date PMC-release: 1 October 2021

Publication date Collection: 2021

Volume: 19

Electronic Location Identifier: 301

Affiliations

[1 ]GRID grid.260542.7, ISNI 0000 0004 0532 3749, Institute of Nanoscience, , National Chung Hsing University, ; 250, Kuo Kuang Rd., Taichung, 402 Taiwan, ROC

[2 ]GRID grid.260542.7, ISNI 0000 0004 0532 3749, Department of Physics, , National Chung Hsing University, ; Taichung, Taiwan

[3 ]GRID grid.19188.39, ISNI 0000 0004 0546 0241, Graduate Institute of Applied Physics, , National Taiwan University, ; Taipei, Taiwan

Author information

Chin-Wei Lin http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1168-6269

Article

Publisher ID: 1030

DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01030-z

PMC ID: 8485105

PubMed ID: 34598682

SO-VID: 5a5dcb32-f427-4e87-8a4c-042a5d3c3777

License:

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

History

Date received : 4 August 2021

Date accepted : 8 September 2021

Funding

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004663, ministry of science and technology, taiwan;

Award ID: MOST 107-2112-M-005- 012

Award ID: MOST 107-2314-B-005-002

Award ID: MOST 108-2314-B-005-001

Award ID: MOST 108-2112-M-005-011

Award ID: MOST 109-2112-M-005-010

Award ID: MOST 109-2314-B-005-003

Award Recipient : Kuen-Lin Chen

Custom metadata

ScienceOpen disciplines: Biotechnology

Keywords: biochip,cotton–mouton (cm) effect,nanoparticles,sars-cov-2,covid-19

Data availability:

ScienceOpen disciplines: Biotechnology

Keywords: biochip, cotton–mouton (cm) effect, nanoparticles, sars-cov-2, covid-19